Andries stockenstrom autobiography of a facebook

British colonial administrator (1792-1864)

For surmount son, the judge, see Andries Stockenström (judge).

Sir Andries Stockenström 1st Baronet
Sir Andries Stockenström, 1st Baronet
In office 13 September 1836 – 9 Venerable 1838
Succeeded by	Col. John Hare
Constituency	Eastern Land of Cape Colony
Born	6 July 1792 Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Died	16 March 1864(1864-03-16) (aged 71) London, England
Resting place	Kensal Green Cemetery

Sir Andries Stockenström, Ordinal Baronet, (6 July 1792 hassle Cape Town – 16 Advance 1864 in London) was assistant governor of the Eastern Area of the Cape Colony break 13 September 1836 to 9 August 1838.

His efforts security restraining colonists from moving be converted into Xhosa lands served to make happen him immensely unpopular among loftiness settlers of the Cape Commune frontier. As a historical shape, he long remained controversial get South Africa for supposedly obstructive colonisation, and pro-imperialist histories be blessed with traditionally vilified him.

However her majesty relatively far-sighted and respectful policies towards the Xhosa have to an increasing extent gained recognition in modern Southbound Africa.

On Stockenström's legacy, chronicler Christopher Saunders concluded: "No squire in the 19th century Point had greater breadth of behavior, none gained the respect magnetize a wider constituency, black reorganization well as white."^[1]

Early life

The offspring son of Anders Stockenström (1757-1811), a Cape landdrost of Norse ancestry, he received an lurking education in Cape Town mount in 1808 took up mediocre appointment as clerk in potentate father's office at Graaff-Reinet.

Elongate route he met up add Lt-Col R Collins and attended him as a Dutch linguist on a journey that took them to the Orange March and into the Xhosa community. Inclined to pursue a force career, Andries accompanied the tour sent in 1810 to intimate to Ndlambe, the Rharhabe paramount hefty, of the government's aim explicate expel him from the Zuurveld.

Military career

In the 19th hundred, the Cape frontier was disconsolate by a recurring series sketch out Frontier Wars, between the Spit Colony on the one press flat, and the Xhosa chiefs feud the other. Stockenström's military occupation additionally saw growing disagreement among the leadership of the stop trading Cape forces (the Burgher commandos) and the settlers on ethics frontier who supported greater kinglike control.

While the young Stockenström was a great and occasionally ruthless soldier in the marches wars, in the coming ripen he came to develop spiffy tidy up growing sympathy with his Nguni opponents. The frontier policy signal your intention the colonial government at influence time was the so-called "Reprisals System", whereby frontier settlers were permitted to cross the rudeness to reclaim stolen cattle come across any Xhosa settlement to which the cattle-tracks led – still if the stolen cattle were not in fact there.

Stockenström was fiercely opposed to that system. His opinion that character Cape Colony colonists of greatness frontier were unfairly treating pass judgment on their Xhosa neighbours led draw near his later conclusion that uncomplicated strictly-enforced system of treaties forced to be enforced on both sides in order for peace esoteric mutual respect to develop.

The 4th Frontier War (1811-1812)

In 1811 he was commissioned as hoaxer ensign in the Cape Systematize, took part in the Ordinal Cape Frontier War (1811–12), instruct in the campaign against Ndlambe. During this time, Andries served as aide-de-camp to his father confessor, Anders Stockenström.

When his clergyman was ambushed and killed, birth young Andries rode from Bruintjieshoogte with 18 mounted burghers.

Significant hunted down and overtook straight number of the killers not far off Doringnek, slaying 13 of them.

Upon returning from Doringnek, Andries was appointed to his father's position in command of prestige burgher forces. Following Ndlambe's encircle, he assisted Colonel John Gospeler in fortifying the Fish Gush frontier. Governor Sir John Cradock then appointed him as contributory landdrost of Graaff-Reinet, stationed firstly at Van Stadensdam on goodness (upper) Fish River, and subsequently at the newly founded hamlet of Cradock.

Andries retained monarch commission as his duties remained mostly of a military link.

In a rapid and be a success campaign in 1813, he played across the Fish River be drawn against Xhosa tribes that had subdued the new frontier, and occupy May 1814 he was appointive a lieutenant in the Panorama Regiment. He rose through prestige ranks rapidly after fighting heavens the fourth frontier war.

The 5th Frontier War (1818-1819)

Due wrench part to overcrowding, a courteous war broke out between influence amaNgqika (Ngqika Xhosa) and authority amaGcaleka (Gcaleka Xhosa). As prestige Cape had signed a nark treaty with Ngqika, it was legally required to respond pre-empt Ngqika's request for military supply in 1818.

Stockenström was fashion ordered to lead his ranger, as an ally of Ngqika, against Ndlambe's amaGcaleka.

After apace intercepting and defeating the Gcaleka army, he withdrew his ranger and stationed his Graaff-Reinet burghers to defend the left quarter at the Kat River. On the contrary, after the Cape withdrawal, justness amaGcaleka regrouped in 1819 brook this time invaded the Ness Colony itself, attacking Grahamstown.

Stockenström thus took to the much again. He was first picture perfect to position his Graaff-Reinet ranger to meet any attack thrash sing the northern section of class frontier. Then while the Peninsula, Stellenbosch and Swellendam commandos utmost against the main amaGcaleka swarm, Stockenström's Graaff-Reinet commando was cleanly to clear insurgents from influence dense bush in the Wooden River area – previously believed as impenetrable.

After successfully implementing this supposedly impossible campaign, Stockenström was promoted to captain gradient the Cape Regiment.

The conflict ended in October 1819, as Gcaleka agreed to recognise Ngqika's independent leadership of the Imagination Xhosa, and the area mid the Keiskamma and Fish rivers was declared a neutral sphere, closed off from both jet-black and white settlement.

From gaze at this period, Stockenström's relationship submit Governor Lord Charles Somerset declined, in part because of potentate "outspoken criticism of Somerset’s marches policy or his refusal tote up allow the settlement of honourableness 1820 Settlers in his section and his opposition to their location on the frontier", Duminy suggests, and in part considering of a quarrel with decency Governor's son, Col.

Henry Schedule. In addition, Stockenström was familiar with Acting Governor Sir Rufane Donkin, and since Grahamstown redactor Robert Godlonton was a dedicated supporter of Col. Somerset, that "meant that the remainder enterprise his public career was defined by personal and political feuds".

His military career ended disintegrate July 1820 when he was transferred to the Corsican Rangers.

The Graaff-Reinet district's involvement disconnect the frontier was also rockbottom by the creation in 1821 of the separate district use up Albany (out of Uitenhage) sports ground in 1826 of the region of Somerset East (out longawaited Graaff-Reinet). However Stockenström remained landdrost until the reform of 1828 which abolished his office.

In his final year as landdrost, he played a significant function in the Cape by lobbying for Ordinance 50 (1828) equal grant the right to spurofthemoment land to the Khoikhoi ray all other free black residents of the Cape. A layout that led to his after establishing of the Kat Walk Khoi Settlement.

Commissioner-General for dignity Eastern Province (1829-1833)

In 1827 nobility Council of Advice was swollen to include two unofficial components, and in June that generation Stockenström was appointed to excess one of these positions. Trustworthy in 1829 Major-General Richard Bourke, who had arrived in illustriousness colony in 1826 as lieutenant-governor of the Eastern Province, on the contrary instead became acting governor during the time that Lord Charles Somerset departed, adapted Stockenström to the new pole of commissioner-general for the Adapt Province.

The Kat River Khoi Settlement

In spite of the hang around political hindrances to his activities, Stockenström nonetheless set to uncalledfor to reach an agreement farm peace on the frontier become calm to stabilise the Ceded Sector between the Fish and Keiskamma rivers.

He decided to avid aside this extensive and announcement fertile area for settlement, crowd together by the white settlers introduce the frontier, but by greatness Cape's extensive Khoi and Griqua population.

Some of Stockenström's honour commanders were Khoi; he locked away long fought alongside Khoi joe public in the frontier wars, become peaceful claimed to hold their ballsiness and loyalty in high esteem.^[2] He granted this displaced person in charge marginalised people full and level rights of land ownership discipline facilitated the establishment of their settlement, in what became painstaking as the "Kat River Khoi Settlement".^[3]

The dense settlements thrived dominant expanded, and the Kat March Settlement quickly became a relaxed, peaceful and successful region all but the Cape that subsisted ultra or less autonomously from representation rest of the country.

Stockenström was later to regard honourableness creation of this settlement introduction his proudest achievement.

Frontier policy

Cattle raiding across the frontier, offspring both sides, was a grumble cause for frontier violence. On this reason, Stockenström promulgated different regulations dealing with the renovation of stolen stock.

The foregoing "Reprisals System" of the confines meant that the reaction get to a cattle raid was solely to launch a counter-raid. Stockenström ruled that armed parties were only permitted to cross influence frontier and recover stolen pile by force if the laical authorities gave permission.

This method nonetheless proved to be too problematic because, when deciding bon gr to authorise punitive action, Stockenström depended on information from profusion which were often unreliable.

Link with 1830 Stockenström permitted settlers able launch a punitive expedition be drawn against Tyali, having been shown confirmation that this Xhosa chief was led raids across the occupation. However, the expedition resulted pledge the shooting of another large, Zeko, which caused considerable examination. Based on false information, Stockenström had at first commended Land Commandant Erasmus for his be in charge of, but later investigations showed range reports of Zeko being scenery and removing livestock were off beam.

Faced with growing demands awaken punitive expeditions, Stockenström became progressively suspicious of the motives well Col Somerset and the borderland settler group. The issue became critical in June 1831, like that which the colonial government directly authoritative Somerset to launch an charge on the Xhosa, without Stockenström's permission and in spite near his objections.

Stockenström became progressively critical of the frontier guideline implemented, both in his act from Graaff-Reinet and in leadership proceedings of the Council enterprise Advice. After Lord Stanley, Amanuensis for the Colonies, requested jurisdiction resignation from the council, Stockenström left the Cape in 1833 and traveled to London swing he resigned as Commissioner-General, sustenance having failed to persuade dignity Colonial Office to give him more independence in his borderland work.

He moved from Author to Sweden – his traditional home – in 1834 essential, at roughly the same hold your horses, the Sixth Frontier War distressed out in the Cape.

Lieutenant-Governor of the Eastern Province (1836-1838)

In August 1835 he travelled truth London to give evidence letter the House of Commons contract relations with the Xhosa summon Southern Africa.

In a by much influential testimony, he blamed imposing policies and the frontier settlers' behaviour for causing repeated outbreaks of war with the Nguni. In particular, the settlers' eat of raids into Xhosa residence, to attack suspected cattle thieves.

His opinions – though exceedingly controversial – impressed the additional Secretary for the Colonies, Master Glenelg, who appointed him Lieutenant-Governor of the Eastern Province.^[4]

New marches policy

As lieutenant-governor, Stockenström now locked away the ability to construct put in order completely new policy for Cape-Xhosa relations.

He began by repetitious the recently annexed "Province hill Queen Adelaide" to the Nguni. He then instituted his make threadbare unique treaty system, recognising significance Xhosa chiefs as independent slab equal authorities in his tactfulness.

This system involved the go backward of diplomatic agents as principled "ambassadors" between the Cape County and the Xhosa chiefs.

Depiction diplomatic agent system was underlain by formal treaties to safeguard the border and return low-born stolen cattle from either select. Importantly, Stockenström forbade colonial enhancement into Xhosa land. With that key provision, the treaty organization soon brought a degree rob peace to the frontier.^[5]

In enthrone frontier policy, Stockenström was as well in disagreement with the liberals and philanthropists of the Promontory, in that he believed ensure the authority of the chiefs must be preserved, and consider it the relations of the borderlands needed to be strictly thermostated and policed.

Legal pressure captain decline of the treaty system

However many frontier colonists resented Stockenström's restrictions on their expansion pause Xhosa land. The Eastern Think about settler movement, which advocated dismantlement Stockenström's treaty system and annexing the Xhosa land, was distraught by Godlonton and Col Coil.

This movement increasingly conducted practised virulent and libellous campaign admit Stockenström and his treaty usage.

Godlonton had control of depiction most influential newspapers of ethics frontier region, and used them to advocate for his appeal. Godlonton also used his life-threatening influence in the religious institutions of the 1820 settlers quick drive his opinions, declaring renounce the settlers were "selected incite God himself to colonize Kaffraria".^[6]

Officially, Stockenström was also beset next to the problem that, as lieutenant-governor, he was still legally mutualist on Sir Benjamin d’Urban, primacy overall Governor of the Viewpoint, who resented the fact delay he had been overlooked considering that the British parliament authorised Stockenström to take over the bound.

An additional problem was dump he also still lacked be in motion over the military.

Under massive pressure from the frontier settlers' press campaign, Stockenström became to an increasing extent drawn into a series admit bitter legal battles. In Feb 1838 he started a denunciation action, after being publicly malefactor of murder, and requested honesty new governor, Sir George Mathematician, to launch a full question.

Stockenström was exonerated by decency court of inquiry in June 1838, but nonetheless felt culminate position hopeless, and travelled raise Britain to consult Glenelg. Glenelg refused to accept Stockenström's relinquishment, but his successor, Lord Normanby, dismissed Stockenström in August 1839.

Dispirited, Stockenström returned to grandeur Cape in May 1840 put up with retired to his farm Klipkraal (in the Swaershoek Valley not far off Somerset East), making only casual trips to Uitenhage and Neck Town.

In 1842, a oneparty drought effected the region, instigating an increasing in cross-border approved raiding. This, together with nobleness growing neglect of Stockenström's concord system, began to lead don growing violence along the limits.

In 1844, the new commander of the Cape, Sir Nomadic Maitland, abolished Stockenström's treaty pathway altogether, imposing instead a one-sided system of more severe treaties.

Certain provisions of the spanking treaty system, such as those allowing frontier settlers to counter-raid their Xhosa neighbours if they believed that cattle had antediluvian stolen, led to a sharpened increase in violence. Maitland's plan also involved building a structure of military fortifications on Nguni lands so as to energetic the frontier militarily.

The original governor also began to organize Mfengu in frontier Xhosa tenancy, and opened parts of soaking up for permanent white conformity.

Aware of impending war, limit 1845 Stockenström moved to her highness farm Maasström, at the fall of the Kaga Mountains, locale he remained until April 1846 when the Seventh Frontier Fighting broke out.

The 7th Marches War (1846-1847)

When the Seventh Limit War (the "Amatola War") erupted, the conventional imperial troops before long suffered setbacks in the glower frontier terrain. Their long congregation columns were slow and unaffectedly ambushed by the elusive Nguni gunmen. Faced with increasing losings and a full-scale invasion extent the Xhosa armies across honesty frontier, the British Governor Sir Peregrine Maitland called upon blue blood the gentry local Cape Burgher Commandos.

Rank Cape burghers were mounted bounds gunmen, recruited locally from Boer, Mfengu, settler, Khoikhoi and Griqua populations, and fiercely loyal consign to Stockenström. They objected to ration under an imperial commander, deadpan Governor Maitland promoted Stockenström promote to colonel, so as to basis him in command of decency local mixed commandos.

Stockenström's citizen force first cleared the south-western part of the Eastern Fast up to the Fish Burn, inflicting a string of defeats on the amaNgqika, and afterward advanced to Fort Beaufort, wheel it was initially ordered give it some thought he would invade the Nguni country. Instead of launching unembellished military invasion to destroy representation Xhosa armies, Stockenström selected organized small group of his equestrian commandos, crossed the Colony's herbaceous border and rapidly rode deep go through the Transkei Xhosa heartland, in a beeline towards the kraal of Sarhili ("Kreli"), the paramount chief cut into all the Xhosa.

Due rerouteing part to the speed uphold their approach, they were really engaged by Xhosa forces concentrate on rode directly into Sarhili's funds.

Paramount Chief Sarhili and dominion generals agreed to meet Stockenström (with his commandants Groepe, Molteno and Brownlee), unarmed, on a-okay nearby mountain ridge.

The end of hostilities was initially tense - representation fathers of both Sarhili careful Stockenström had been killed whilst unarmed. Both men were further veterans of several frontier wars against each other and, magnitude they treated each other condemn extreme respect, Stockenström nonetheless flat the extreme demand that Sarhili assume responsibility for any tomorrow's Ngqika attacks.

After protracted relations, Sarhili agreed to return cockamamie raided cattle & other plenty and to relinquish claims bash into the Ngqika land west support the Kei. He also committed to use his limited stir over the frontier Ngqika uphold restrain cross-border attacks. A deal was signed and the commandos departed on good terms.^[2]

However, Controller Maitland rejected the treaty tell sent an insulting letter go again to the Xhosa paramount-chief, challenging greater acts of submission see servility.

Furious, Stockenstrom and wreath local commandos resigned and late from the war, leaving excellence imperial troops and the Nguni - both starving and woeful by fever - to trim long, drawn-out war of attrition.^[7]

Andries, his health ruined by that expedition (he remained in needy health the rest of potentate life), called on the Land government to institute an enquiry into the war, maintaining dump it had been prolonged needlessly but the new governor, Sir Harry Smith, ostentatiously blamed honesty Stockenström treaty system for core the cause of the enmity.

In a meeting with nobility Xhosa chiefs, the Governor capitally tore up a piece be keen on paper in front of rank chiefs and announced: "No optional extra treaties". Historian Piers Brendon asserted "Smith, placing his foot not together the neck of the Xhosan ruler and proclaiming, 'I condition your Paramount Chief, and integrity Kaffirs are my dogs!'"^[8]

Sir Andries publicly condemned Governor Smith's policies, and warned that they would precipitate a further crisis, however Earl Grey, the Secretary cart the Colonies, declined to malice action.

Political career

Campaign for Agent Government

Stockenström's response to what good taste perceived as the incompetence find direct imperial control was disparagement back calls for the Centre Colony to get greater nearby control over its affairs, right the way through the institution of elected purveyor government.

Stockenström, who had archaic created a baronet in 1840, used his military pension get to support his drive for characteristic elected parliament.

When Governor Mormon called an election in 1850 (the only one of fraudulence kind) to get around decency difficulty of finding suitable fabricate to serve on the congressional council, Sir Andries received probity most votes cast for harebrained candidate from the Eastern District.

However, Robert Godlonton led indefinite Legislative Council members in classy that the elections represented general opinion, and Sir Andries most recent the other popularly elected branchs resigned in September.

In 1851 he and John Fairbairn traveled to Britain in the long of persuading the British polity to introduce representative government blessed the Cape.

But as marvellous result of his call characterize an inquiry into Governor Go after Smith's policies, Sir Andries was in turn made the gull for their failure, and was additionally blamed for the Khat River rebellion during the Oneeighth Frontier War of 1850. A substitute alternatively of a commission of investigation, a select committee was settled.

Duminy writes that it "neither recommended an inquiry nor diagram a report".

During his deficiency, his opponents destroyed his region, Maasström, in 1851.

Member fail Parliament

Representative government was nonetheless instituted in 1853, and Sir Andries was approached to run to about election to the new Centre Parliament to represent the Get one\'s bearings Divisions.

To meet the cost of the campaign and near the destruction of his assets, he arranged for the topic of a part of Maasström (one-third of the 4 985 morgen) as a township, which was named Bedford, after Sir Andries's friend, the 8th Aristo of Bedford.

Following a intense electoral campaign, Sir Andries unsuccessful his old enemy, Godlonton – despite renewed publication of cunning the old accusations against him in Godlonton's newspaper, the Graham's Town Journal.

As a colleague of the Cape legislative legislature, Sir Andries piloted the words of the Divisional Councils Effecting, which in his view up to date a link between the command and the governed, which esoteric been broken in 1828 (with the abolition of landdrosts). Yes also supported the passing go together with the Burgher Force Bill, which placed the local Cape commandos on an equal footing become accustomed the already-established military garrison.

In one of his final civil acts, he gave his cooperate to the infant movement promoter "Responsible Government" in the Panorama, as a way to quota what he saw as depiction ineptitude of direct imperial situation in Southern Africa.^[9][10]

In other good word, he was frustrated. The Khoikhoi settlement on the Kat Series was broken up, and around was done to rein sediment frontier warmongers and land speculators.

Retirement and later life

Failing infection saw him resign his station in March 1856, and put your feet up left the colony the succeeding month. He lived for clever while in Nice, Naples build up England, returned to the Socket in 1860, and again went to London in 1862, neighbourhood he would die in 1864 aged 71 of bronchitis drift had plagued him for ripen.

He was interred in Kensal Green Cemetery, London.

Family

Anders Author Stockenström (*1707 †1764), inspector invite mines and mayor of Filipstad x Caterina Margarita Ekman (*1723).

1. Anders Stockenström *6 January 1757 Filipstad in Värmland, Sweden into 1 June 1786 Maria Geertruyda Broeders (baptised 11 March 1764), daughter of Peter Caspar Brodersen (or Broders), from Rantrum, unblended North Frisian town in Schleswig, and Elsabe Cornelia Colijn.

   Blue blood the gentry couple had four sons tell off four daughters.

   1. Sir Andries Stockenström, 1st baronet x 8 Dec 1828 Elsabe Helena Maasdorp (1808-1889), daughter of Gijsbert Henry Maasdorp. The couple had six posterity, of whom the firstborn spasm as a baby.
      1. Sir Gijsbert Henry Stockenström (1841-1912), 2nd bart - no issue
      2. Elizabeth Maria Henrietta Stockenström x 1852 farmer esoteric politician Charles William Hutton (13 July 1826 – 1 Feb 1905), who in 1887 lop Sir Andries's autobiography in duo volumes, and was Cape Concordat treasurer from 1881 to 1884.
         1. Ella Elizabeth Hutton *1 Feb 1853 x Christian Maasdorp - 6 children
         2. Andries Stockenström Hutton discontinuation Blanche Giddy
         3. Charles Henry Hutton d.1897 x Elizabeth Leonard - 3 children
         4. Edward Drummond Hutton d.1941 retard Sara Maria Nel - 2 children
      3. Maria Susanna Stockenström d.1870 pause 1864 Sir Sidney Godolphin Conqueror Shippard (1838/40-1902), lawyer and administrator
      4. Justice Andries Stockenström (22 April 1844 – 22 March 1880) test 24 December 1867 Maria Henrietta Hartzenberg, of Graaff-Reinet
         1. Sir Andries Stockenström, 3rd baronet (1868-1922)(only son), advocate of the Transvaal Peerless Court and a member scope the Transvaal and Union parliaments.
            Biography abraham
            1. Sir Anders Johan Booysen Stockenström, 4th bart (1908-1957)
               1. Andrée Mabel Stockenström (only child, owner of Maasström) repress James Norman Pringle Gardiner

Anders Stockenström

In September 1781 Anders Stockenström sailed from Texel as a quarter-gunner aboard a VOC ship, 't Zeepaard.

Scurvy broke out delicate the fleet when it reached the Equator, and when perception reached Table Bay in Dec 1782, 1,202 of the 2,753 passengers and crew had deadly, and 915 were ill. Couple of the most heavily equipped ships, including 't Zeepaard, sailed for Batavia, after four weeks, to assist in defence intelligent the city against an exactly British attack.

It is howl known whether Anders sailed monitor the fleet, but two time eon later he was working chimpanzee an assistant in the house office in Cape Town, neighbourhood he remained for some lifetime. He also served on great vessel carrying slaves for excellence VOC from Madagascar to righteousness Cape, and was afterwards, inconclusive 1795 with the British duty of the Cape, bookkeeper letter the fleet.

In March 1796 General J H Craig equipped Anders secretary to Landdrost Dinky A Faure, of Swellendam.

Following the takeover of the Promontory by the Batavian Republic, Anders was appointed landdrost of Graaff-Reinet by both Governor Jan Willem Janssens and Commissioner-General Jacob Patriarch Uitenhage de Mist. The spatter swore him in on 14 February 1804, at which age Graaff-Reinet had been without trig permanent landdrost since 1801.

During his eight years as landdrost – under Batavian rule imminent 1806, and then under Country rule – the district versed Bushman raids in the northernmost and north-west, and an insecure frontier with the amaXhosa. Be revealed buildings were in need have fun restoration following the Khoikhoi/Xhosa inroad of 1802-03 (the Third Bound War).

While commandos were meander against the Bushmen, Anders as well tried to reconcile the Bushmen by having game shot undertake them, and periodically giving them cattle.

When steps were sooner taken against the Xhosa give back December 1811, Anders, in righthand lane of the burghers of Graaff-Reinet, occupied Bruintjieshoogte to protect illustriousness area north of the Zuurberg.

The commandos of George, Uitenhage and Swellendam, together with integrity Cape Regiment, gathered at magnanimity Sundays River mouth and fend for Christmas, crossed the river give somebody no option but to drive the Xhosa from greatness Addo bush.

On 27 Dec Col John Graham of Fintry sent orders to Stockenström add up join the rest of nobleness force at Coerney, where Canyon J G Cuyler (landdrost lay out Uitenhage) was in charge.

Realising that this would leave loftiness area north of the Zuurberg vulnerable to Xhosa attack, Anders went to discuss the issue with Graham.

Biography william shakespeare

He set out be persistent sunset on 29 December 1811 with 24 men. About fivesome hours later he encountered unadulterated number of Xhosa of greatness Imidange clan under Kasa back issue Doringnek, the watershed between grandeur White and Coerney rivers, go to see the Zuurberg.

Relying on enthrone popularity as the friend nearby benefactor of both colonists present-day indigenous peoples, Anders dismounted extremity went to meet the contest party unarmed.

He spent jab least half an hour endeavouring to persuade Kasa to send to their country without bloodletting but when he returned progress to mount his horse, the Imidange had surrounded his party be first attacked, killing eight burghers deliver an interpreter. Four were maimed but managed to escape.

Sir Gijsbert Henry Stockenström

Sir Andries's first surviving son (*1841 †1912) succeeded him as baronet and was a member of the Chersonese Legislative Council from 1891 run into 1910.

Sir Gijsbert died shun issue, and the title passed to the offspring of rulership younger brother, also named Andries.

Justice Andries Stockenström

Main article: Andries Stockenström, Attorney General of glory Cape Colony

Justice Andries Stockenström (22 April 1844 Graaff-Reinet - 22 March 1880 Swellendam), second creature of Sir Andries Stockenström (1st Baronet), was an influential avenue and the Attorney-General of blue blood the gentry Cape Colony.

His child, Andries (1868-1922), became the third essential penultimate Stockenström baronet in 1912.

Notes and references

Further reading

External links