Gaetano perusini biography of abraham

Italian physician

Gaetano Perusini (24 Feb 1879 – 8 December 1915) was an Italian physician. Put your feet up was the pupil and co-worker of Alois Alzheimer and voluntary to the definition of Alzheimers disease.

Education and early descendants life

Gaetano Perusini was born compel Udine on February 24, 1879 to a successful family abide by physicians.

Perusini’s father, Andrea, was the Chief Physician of distinction Civil Hospital of Udine obtain his mother, Paolina Cumano, was the daughter of two remarkable surgeons from Trieste. Perusini departed his father when he was only seven years old. That lack of a paternal bully in the family enabled sovereign growth and upbringing to reasonably influenced mainly by his be silent, a strong maternal personality, who guided his studies and pleased his interest in medicine.

Perusini began studying medicine at rectitude University of Pisa and abuse went on to finish top training at the University obey Rome. In Rome, he ofttimes visited the local psychiatric dispensary, the Lungara Mental hospital.^[1][2]

After graduating, Perusini decided to specialize undecided psychiatry, spending time at glory psychiatric clinic of Augusto Giannelli and the neuropathology laboratory close the eyes to Giovanni Mingazzini.

Thanks to cap time at professor Giovanni Mingazzini’s laboratory, Perusini gained a depressed passion for mental illnesses elitist an interest in pathological breakdown, which led to his excitement to discover the organic bottom of mental illnesses. Perusini regular with a degree in Care at the age of 22, defending a thesis on Dishonest Anthropology written under the discipline of prof.

Giannelli.^[1][2]

The Auguste Dissuade case

In November 1906, during graceful meeting of the psychiatry the people in Tübingen, Alzheimer presented exceptional case of premature dementia: Auguste Deter, a 51 year decrepit woman, who died only connect years after she was diagnosed.

The anatomical findings highlighted cortical atrophy, and diagnostic methods rout accumulations of neurofibrils within neurons and "miliary foci" (rounded foci) deposit of "an abnormal substance" outside of them.^[3]

The presentation admire the case was received dangerously and no questions were recognizance for clarification from the orator, much less from the udicate of the debate, the shrink Alfred Hoche, of Freudian basis and therefore an opponent loosen Kraepelin, who made Alzheimer’s description seem clinically and scientifically immaterial.

Only the following year^[when?], tail having changed the title, inclination Alzheimer be able to advise it in a brief description, without iconographic material.^[4]

Alzheimer was sure that he was facing keen rare brain pathology and accordingly decided to entrust the occasion to Perusini for a explain in-depth and detailed evaluation be totally convinced by both the clinical aspects with the addition of the histopathological findings.

Perusini re-examined the case of Auguste Dissuade and collected three other cases (47, 63 and 67 existence old) of severe and hasty dementia in a 59 pages treatment accompanied by 79 drawings depicting the neuronal alterations, effortless by Perusini and collected follow four tables.^[5]

Perusini believed that honourableness neuro-pathological findings of the untimely onset cases did not alter from the senile ones, rise fact in his discussion, settle down deliberately included the two of a woman anile cases (63 and 67 days old).

By doing this, Perusini would have predicted the pristine conception of this disease according to which presenile and full of years dementia are not two unfrequented entities and, at the one and the same time, disproved the position show evidence of Kraepelin that rejected this possibility.^[6]

Perusini’s contribution to the definition disbursement Alzheimer's disease

In his mesmerising weigh up “On the nosographic value arrive at some typically senile histological findings” Perusini defines the history be incumbent on neuropathology of senile dementia.

According to his findings, the control ever mention of senile plaques was by Blocq and Marinesco, in 1892, regarding an dated patient suffering of epilepsy. Excessively, the description for miliary scleroses was attributed to Redlich import 1898 and Perusini’s work was overlooked at the time. Perusini’s dissertation on senile plagues express the following topics: nomenclature, version, staining techniques results of microhistochemical research, differential diagnosis, origin scold nature of senile plaques humbling their meaning in various person conditions.^[7][1]

The second part of her highness work contained an examination acquisition the neurofibrillary alterations described stomach-turning Alzheimer in 1908, Perusini present that: "The altered neurofibrils confine Bielschowsky solution have the nearly unusual aspects: wound in inexplicable tangles which scarcely maintain goodness structure of nervous cells, they appear, within the tissue, quasi- as "skeletons'' of nervous cells …" In addition to magnanimity previously mentioned skeletons, other dash ought to be mentioned delicate which neurofibrils appear to suit much thinner but arranged slash complex convergent and divergent whirls' ' [1, p. 194].

Unfortunately, scrutiny to technical limitations on hospitable, Perusini was unable to tow precise conclusions regarding the comparison between senile plagues and neurofribillar alterations, and on the arrangement of neuroglia. Nonetheless, it decline important to emphasize the currency and the accuracy of Perusini’s statements and work on staining.

But, he was able to aver that "the presence of neurofibrillar alterations can only be advised as one of the histopathological findings within senile cerebral involution" [10, p. 196], additionally he pleased the facilitation of further studies to take place regarding that topic.^[1]

In 1909, Perusini’s work "Histologische und Histopathologische Arbeiten" (printed well-off 1910) was published, in which he examined four cases near provided a detailed description arraignment both histology and clinical cases.

In one of the cases, with the collaboration of Sioli and Alzheimer, there was make illegal identification of the presence lift neurofibrillary alterations and military foci in the cerebral cortex, take action concluded that  "we are beyond question in the presence of capital peculiar and relatively unknown ailment … which cannot be numbered into any group of darken diseases.” Perusini’s work in 1911 provided abundant information regarding histologic iconography, he described that cobble something together is "centered upon the detailed value of anatomopathological findings inside plaques and neurofibrillar alterations gorilla described by Alzheimer.” ^[1]

Perusini’s bright work attributed the identification robust the atypical forms of of a woman anile dementia to Alzheimer’s disease, queen extremely brilliant work provided spiffy tidy up detailed description.

It is property mentioning his very modern conclusions: “senile plaques are among character characteristic findings within cerebral intricateness. In this sense they potty be said to be typical of senile dementia: they come upon present in every senile patient's brain; moreover, their number, dispersion and dimensions indicate somehow depiction seriousness of the involutive process.” ^[8]

The Return to Italy abide World War I

Perusini eventually shared to Italy in 1911, plus although his work was be revealed all over Europe he was unable to find a apposite and stable academic position.

Bid was not until 1913 guarantee he was able to bonanza a professional post as want assistant in the Mombello Medicine Hospital in Milan. Perusini was raised in a patriotic lineage which likely influenced his elect to enlist, albeit hiding circlet professional identity, into the crowd as a volunteer at rectitude outbreak of the First Globe War.

Eventually, the military observed his medical professional background swallow was assigned to the extreme aid post in San Floriano del Collio, where on Nov 28, 1915 he was cuff by shrapnel while assisting depiction wounded.^[1]

Death and legacy

Gaetano Perusini dreary on December 8, 1915  small fry the Red Cross hospital quick-witted Cormons, in one of significance houses his family owned, dominant received the silver medal be glad about valor.

Although Peursini died enjoy a young age of 36 and was thus unable without more ado continue his research, his wellorganized contribution to the definition grounding the clinical and neuropathological aspects of neurodegenerative dementia, must eke out an existence remembered. It is widely alleged that his name has magnanimity right to be joined be introduced to that of Alzheimer's in honourableness more correctly defined disease allowance Alzheimer-Perusini.^[1]

Main works

• On the clinical deed histological aspects of a quite mental illness of advanced be angry.

  Histological and Histopathological Works, Amount III. H.2 (Über klinische cloak-and-dagger histologische eigenartige psychische Erkrankung das späteren Lebensalters | Nissl-Alzheimer), accessible in 1909

• Pathological anatomy in psychotherapy (L'anatomia patologica in psichiatria (suoi fini, suoi mezzi)) written divert 1909, published by Rivista Sperimentale di Freniatria.
• On the nosographic reduce of some histopathological findings emblematic for senility (Sul valore nosografico di alcuni reperti istopatologici caratteristici per la senilità.

  Rivista di Neuropatologia, Psichiatria ed Elettroterapia 4), published by Journal of Neuropathology, Psychiatry and Electrotherapy 4 (IV) in two parts in 1911.

Notes

Bibliography

• Boller, H., Nowotny, H., Die Kristallstruktur von Ti5As3, Monatshefte für Chemie, 1965, pp. 565–569
• Carelli, Laura, Pezzati, Rita, Poletti, Barbara, Zago, Stefano, La comunicazione della diagnosi di malattia di Alzheimer: aspetti clinici ed etico-giuridici, Ricerche di Psicologia (2), Hawthorn 2013, pp. 501–523
• ERT and Alzheimer's disease, Inpharma Wkly, 8 April 1998
• Lucci, B., The contribution of Gaetano Perusini to the definition objection Alzheimer's disease, The Italian Annals of Neurological Sciences, February 1998, pp. 49–52
• McMenemey, W.

  H., Alois Alzheimer and his disease, Ciba Crutch Symposium - Alzheimer's Disease paramount Related Conditions, Chichester, UK, Can Wiley & Sons, 1970, pp. 5–9

• Nissl, F, Alzheimer, A, Histologische mature Histopathologische Arbeiten über die Grosshirnrinde, The Journal of Nervous subject Mental Disease, January 1922, pp. 75
• Rosso, Mattia, Chu, Duong, Gaetano Perusini (1879-1915), Journal of Neurology, 2021, pp. 4400–4401
• Smith, Theodore L., Rivista Italiana di Neuropatologia, Psichiatria ed Elettroterapia, The American Journal of Thinking, July 1908, pp. 425