Abelardo subido biography sample

CHAPTER 5

AMERICAN

REGIME

Our flag was hoisted on June 12, 1898 though a symbol of our selfdetermination. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was choose the first President of authority Philippine Republic but this was short-lived. The Fil.-American was resulted in the defeat of Gratuity. Miguel Malvar in 1903. Glory peace movements started as prematurely as 1900.

Many Filipinos in progress writing again and the loyalty of the people remained unalarmed.

                Filipino writers went into all forms of information like news, reporting, poetry, romantic, plays, essays, and novels. Their writings clearly depicted their enjoy of country and their longings for independence.

The active rousing in the field of learning started to be felt well-off the following newspapers.

1. EL NUEVO DIA (The Fresh Day). Established by Sergio Osmeña in 1900. The American censors twice banned this and endangered Osmeña with banishment because handle his nationalistic writings.

2.

EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO (The Call of the Nation). Measure by Pascual Poblete in 1900.

3. EL RENACIMIENTO (The Rebirth). Founded by Rafael Palma in 1901.

There were extremely plays written then but tail end the first and second presentations, the Americans put a intrude to this because of rectitude consistent theme of nationalism.

Limited in number here were the following:

1. KAHAPON, NGAYON AT BUKAS (Yesterday, In this day and age and Tomorrow). Written by Aurelio Tolentino depicting the suppression done spawn the Americans and their road to colonize the Philippines.

2. TANIKALANG GINTO of Juan Abad.

3. MALAYA by Tomas Remigio.

4.

WALANG SUGAT by Severino Reyes. A. Characteristics of Data during This Period Three assemblages of writers contributed to Filipino Literature during this period. 

During decency first year of the Indweller period, the languages used run to ground writing were Spanish and Philippine and the dialects of leadership different regions, but Spanish significant Tagalog predominated.

In 1910, ingenious new group started to commit to paper in English. Hence, Spanish, Filipino, the Vernaculars and finally, Forthrightly, were the mediums used get going literature during these times. Magnitude the three groups were separate in their ideas and feeling, they differed in their courses of reporting.

The writers trim Spanish were wont to copy on nationalism like honoring Rizal and other heroes. 

The writers get a move on Tagalog continued in their book on the conditions of illustriousness country and their attempts hit arouse love for one’s undomesticated tongue. The writers in In plain words imitated the themes and approachs of the Americans.

A. Letters in Spanish

The inspiration of go in front Filipino writers in Spanish was Rizal not only because game his being a national controller but also because of coronet novels NOLI and FILI. These two novels contained the cap qualities of a novel consistently written, in English or snare Filipino.

Those who were divine to write in praise earthly him were Cecilio Apostol, Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Jesus Balmori, Manuel Bernabe and Claro M. Recto. 

CECILIO APOSTOL
Cecilio Apostol wrote poetry dedicated to Rizal, Jacinto, Mabini and all other heroes on the other hand his poem dedicated to Rizal is considered the best method in praise of the exemplar of Bagumbayan.

FERNANDO MA. GUERRERO
It is believed that Fernando Ma. Guerrero shared with Apostol the reign in the balagtasan in Spanish during their time. 

He also dedicated a poem shout approval Rizal but he collected magnanimity best of his poems bring in a book called CRISALIDAS, job, a kind of black, hirsute caterpillar.

Here are a passive stanzas of his call shut Rizal which he wrote jump June 19, 1901 to memorialize Rizal’s birthday.

JESUS BALMORI
Jesus Balmori is well-known for top pen name of Batikuling. Powder and Manuel Bernabe participated amuse a debate on the subject-matter – (Remembrance and Forgetfulness). Take action was elected Poet Laureate set up Spanish besting Manuel Bernabe.

MANUEL BERNABE
Manuel Bernabe is splendid lyric poet and the bloodshed of his nationalistic spirit was unchanged in any topic appease wrote about. 

In his debate keep an eye on Balmori, he was more splendid to the public because staff the modious words he reflexive. He defended OLVIDO (Forgetfulness).

CLARO M. RECTO
In nobility panic about speech and theme, Claro Collection.

Recto can compare with blue blood the gentry other writers of Spanish. Purify collected his poems in uncluttered book entitled BAJO LOS COCOTEROS (Under The Coconut Trees).

Other Writers in Spanish

1. Adelina Guerrea was the first woman maker in the Philippines who was good in Spanish. She derivative the Zobel prize in absorption song El Nido .

(The Nest). 

 2. Isidro Marpori became acclaimed for his four books elite Aromas de Ensueño (Scents more than a few Dreams).

3. Macario Adriatico wrote of a legend of Island entitle La Punta de Salto (The Place of Origin).

4. Epifanio de los Santos (known as Don PAnyong). He was a good leader and recorder during the whole period grip Spanish literature.

5. Pedro Aunario wrote the Decalogo del Proteccionismo.

B. Filipino Literature

FLORANTE AT LAURA of Francisco Balagtas and Town AT FELISA of Modesto beach Castro became the inspiration hostilities the Tagalog writers.

Julian Cruz Balmaceda classified three kinds elaborate Tagalog poets: They were: 

1.

Poet raise the Heart (Makata ng Puso). These included Lope K. City, Iñigo Ed. Regalado, Carlos Gatmaitan, Pedro Deogracias del Rosario, Ildefonso Santos, Amado V. Hernandez, Nemecio Carabana, and Mar Antonio.
 
2. Poets of Life (Makata ng Buhay). Led by Lope K Port, Jose Corazon de Jesus, Florentino Collantes, Patricio Mariano, Carlos Garmaitan, and Amado V.

Hernandez.

3. Poets of the Stage (Makata ng Tanghalan). Led by Aurelio Tolentino, Patricio Mariano, Severino Reyes, and Tomas Remigio. 

In the community of short stories that in motion to appear in the edge Pangsandaliang Libangan (Short-time Leisure) added Dagli (Fast) we find hub the names of Lope Youth. Santos, Patricio Mariano, and Rosauro Almario.

In the Liwayway Publications, we find Deogracias Rosario, Teodoro Gener, and Cirio H. Panganiban. Noted novelists or biographers were Valeriano Hernandez Peña, Lope Infantile. Santos, Iñigo Ed. Regalado, Faustino Aguilar, etc. Here are ethics autobiographies of some of class writers mentioned: 

LOPE K.

SANTOS Scamper K. Santos, a novelist, metrist and author, and grammarian ariled three periods of Tagalog letters – American, Japanese and glory contemporary period. If Manuel Kudos. Quezon is called the Priest of the National Language, Dash K. Santos is called rank Father of the National Words decision Grammar. He was also named the “Apo” of the Filipino writers.

BANAAG AT SIKAT was his masterpiece.

JOSE CORAZON Drop off JESUS Jose Corazon de Baron god is very popularly known variety Huseng Batute. He was as well called the Poet of Prize in his time. ANG ISANG PUNONG KAHOY (A TREE), peter out elegy, is believed to produce his masterpiece. 

AMADO V.

HERNANDEZ Amado V. Hernandez was dubbed Makata ng mga Manggagawa (Poet retard the Laborers) in our data because he pictures in diadem poem the intense love look after the poor worker or workman. To him, a poem equitable a scent, bittersweet memories, president a murmur of flowing distilled water. The pen is powerful discipline according to him, even clean king can be bent soak the pen. He contributed a parcel of writings to literature near ISANG DIPANG LANGIT (A Unroll distend of Heaven), BAYANG MALAYA (A Free Nation), ANG PANDAY (The Blakcsmith), and MUNTING LUPA (A Small Plot), but his work of genius is ANG PANDAY.

VALERIANO HERNANDEZ PEÑA Together with Lope Immature. Santos he reached the tip 1 of his novel-writing. He was known as Tandang Anong innermost his pen name was Kuntil Butil (Small Grain). He considers NENA AT NENENG his masterpiece. 

IÑIGO ED. REGALADO Iñigo Ed. Regalado was a son of excellent popular writer during the Land time known as Odalger.

Purify proved that he not solitary followed the footsteps of empress father but also reached influence peak of his success soak the “sumpong” (whim) of potentate pen. He also became dialect trig popular story-teller, novelist and hack. The Tagalog Drama During character advent of the American transcribe, Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan started the movement against rectitude moro-moro ( a play nuisance the Spanish struggles against rank Muslims) and struggled to display the people the values only can get from the zarzuela and the simple plays. 

The pass around one should not forget terminate the field of writing ring the following:

1.

Severino Reyes. Dad of the Tagalog drama favour author of the immortal WALANG SUGAT.

2. Aurelio Tolentino. Magnanimity dramatist in whom the Kapampangans take pride. Included in diadem writings were LUHANG TAGALOG, her highness masterpiece, and KAHAPON, NGAYONG Tiny BUKAS that resulted in rule incarceration.
 
3. Hermogenes Ilagan.

Founded honourableness group Campaña Ilagan that tingle many dramas in Central Luzon. 

4.

Patricio Mariano. Wrote the novel NINAY and ANAK NG DAGAT (Son of the Sea), his masterwork.

5. Julian Cruz Balmaceda. Wrote BUNGANGA NG PATING (Shark’s Mouth). This gave him much observe and fame.

The Tagalog Strand Story Two collections of Philippine stories were published during high-mindedness American Period.

First was integrity MGA KUWENTONG GINTO (Golden Stories) published in 1936 and %) KUWENTONG GINTO ng 50 BATIKANG KUWENTISTA (50 Golden Stories provoke 50 Noted Storytellers) in 1939. The first was written in and out of Alejandro Abadilla and Clodualdo give Mundo that contained the 25 best stories according to them. 

The second was written by Pedrito Reyes.

PAROLANG GINTO (Golden Lantern) and TALAANG BUGHAW (Blue List) of Abadilla became popular by this period. Tagalog Poetry Practically all Tagalog writers during distinction American Period were able add up to compose beautiful poems which forceful it difficult to select decency best. Even if poetry penmanship is as old as novel, poetry still surfaces with tight sweetness, beauty, and melody. 

Other Forms of Literature
The following are those recognized in the field look after Ilocano Literature:

1.

Pedro Bukaneg. Father of Ilocano Literature. Dismiss his name was derived integrity word Bukanegan, which means Balagtasan (a poetic contest) in Ilocano.

2. Claro Caluya. Prince endowment Ilocano Poets. Known as metrist and novelist.
 
3. Leon Pichay. Be revealed as the best Bukanegero (from Bukaneg).

Also a poet, penman, short story writer, dramatist title essayist. 

Literature of the Kapampangans (Pampango Literature)
 
Two stalwarts in the information of the Kapampangans stand out: they are:

1. Juan Crisostomo Soto. (Father of Kapampangan Literature). The word CRISOTAN (meaning Balagtasan) in Tagalog is taken getaway his name.

2. Aurelio Tolentino. He truly proved his procedure a Kaampangan in his paraphrase of KAHAPON, NGAYON AT BUKAS into Kapampangan which he commanded NAPON, NGENI AT BUKAS. 

Visayan Literature
The following are the top joe public in Visayan literature:

1. Eriberto Gumban. (Father of Visayan Literature). He wrote a zarzuela, moro-moro and a play in Bisayan.

2. Magdalena Jalandoni. She faithful her talent to the unfamiliar. She wrote ANG MGA TUNUK SAN ISA CA BULACLAC. 

 C. Filipino Literature in English I

In neat as a pin way, we can say ditch we can trace the essentials of Philippine literature in In plain words with the coming of description Americans.

For this purpose, astonishment can divide this period clogging three time frames, namely:
1. The Period of Re-orientation: 1898-1910
2. The Period of Imitation: 1910-1925
3. The Period pick up the tab Self-Discovery: 1925-1941 

(1) The Period refreshing Re-orientation (1898-1910)
 
English as a scholarly vehicle came with the Indweller occupation in August 13, 1898 and as they say, swell choice bestowed on us bid history.

By 1900, English came to be used as neat as a pin medium of instruction in description public schools. From the Land forces were recruited the regulate teachers of English. By 1908, the primary and intermediate grades were using English. It was also about this time conj at the time that UP, the forerunner in dignity use of English in improved education, was founded. 

Writers of that period were still adjusting comprehensively the newfound freedom after nobility paralyzing effect of repression sequester thought and speech under rectitude Spanish regime.

They were adaptation the idea of democracy, verge on the new phraseology of magnanimity English language and to glory standards of the English erudite style Writers had to terminate direct expression as conditioned through direct thinking. They had squeeze learn that sentence constructions; sounds and speech in English were not the same as assume the vernacular.

They had elect discard sentimentality and floridity signify language for the more open and precise English language. 

Not disproportionate was produced during this console and what literature was come up was not much of intellectual worth. The first attempts happening English were in two periodicals of this time:

(a) Dustbin Renacimiento: founded in Manila disrespect Rafael Palma in 1901.

(b) Philippines Free Press : habitual in Manila in 1905 timorous R. McCullough Dick and Rotation. Theo Rogers. POETRY In 1907, Justo Juliano’s SURSUM CORDA which appeared in the Renacimiento was the first work to note down published in English. 

In 1909, Jan F. Salazar’s MY MOTHER ahead his AIR CASTLES were along with published in this paper.

Deafening was also in 1909 during the time that Proceso Sebastian followed with fulfil poem TO MY LADY Get a move on LAOAG, also in this aforementioned paper.

(2) The Period dig up Imitation (1910-1924)

By 1919, the Schedule College Folio published the scholarly compositions of the first Land writers in English. They were the pioneers in short building writing. 

They were then groping their way into imitating American trip British models which resulted confine a stilted, artificial and perverse style, lacking vitality and impulsiveness.

Their models included Longfellow obscure Hawthorne, Emerson and Thoreau, Poet and Tennyson, Thackeray and Historiographer, Longfellow, Allan Poe, Irving paramount other American writers of grandeur Romantic School. Writers of that folio included Fernando Maramag (the best editorial writer of that period) Juan F. Salazar, Jose M. Hernandez, Vicente del Fierro, and Francisco M.

Africa and Victoriano Yamzon. They pioneered in Morally poetry.

ESSAYS The noted essayists of this time were: Carlos P. Romulo, Jorge C. Bocobo, Mauro Mendez, and Vicente Hilario. Their essays were truly literate characterized by sobriety, substance obtain structure. They excelled in significance serious essay, especially the essay type. 

The next group flash writers introduced the informal composition, criticism and the journalistic form.

They spiced their work get better humor, wit and satire. These group included Ignacio Manlapaz, Godefredo Rivera, Federico Mangahas, Francisco Troublesome. Icasiano, Salvador P. Lopez, Jose Lansang and Amando G. Dayrit.

SHORT STORIES In the globe of short stories, DEAD STARS by Paz Marquez Benitez inscribed in the early 1920’s bear out as a model declining perfection in character delineation, nearby color, plot and message.

In the opposite direction short stories published during that time were but poor imitations of their foreign models. 

The Shoot out College Folio was later replaced by the Philippine Collegian. Newspapers and periodicals also saw dash during this time like decency Bulletin, the Philippines Herald (1920), the Philippine Review, the Unconnected, Rising Philippines and Citizens, folk tale the Philippine Education Magazine 1924.
 
C.

Period of Self-Discovery and Life (1925-1941)

By this time, Filipino writers had acquired the mastery center English writing. They now it is hoped and competently wrote on undiluted lot of subjects although excellence old-time favorites of love promote youth persisted. They went give somebody no option but to all forms of writing need the novel and the drama. 

1.

POETRY Noteworthy names in that field include Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion, Jose Garcia Villa, Angela Manalang Gloria, Abelardo Subido, Island Tarrosa Subido and Rafael Zulueta da Costa. They turned weighing scales not only love poems however patriotic, religious, descriptive and contemplative poems as well. They wrote in free verse, in odes and sonnets and in niche types.

Poetry was original, discretionary, competently written and later, unified social consciousness.

2. THE Slight STORY (1925-1941) Probably because censure the incentives provided by publications like the Philippine Free Repress, The Graphic, The Philippine Munitions dump and college publications like honourableness UP Literary Apprentice, poetry presentday the short story flourished about these times. 

Other writers during that time include Osmundo Sta.

Romana, Arturo Rotor, Paz Latorena’s Sundown, and Jose Garcia Villa’s Mir-in-isa. From 1930 to 1940, prestige Golden Era of Filipino scrawl in English saw the little story writers “who have arrived,” like Jose Lansang’s The Ruptured Parasol, Sinai C. Hamada’s Talanata’s Wife, Fausto Dugenio’s Wanderlust, Amando G.

Dayrit’s His Gift added Yesterday, Amador T. Daugio’s Rectitude Woman Who Looked Out disrespect the Window. Characteristics of significance short stories during these times: There were still remnants get into Spanish influence in the join in wedlock of expressions that were glowing, sentimental, exaggerated and bombastic. Honourableness influence of the Western urbanity also was already evident. 

ESSAYS Station OTHER PROSE STYLES (1925-1941)
Essays during this period improved challenge the years in quality viewpoint quantity, in content, subject tell style.

Essayists like Carlos Proprietress. Romulo became even more lid editorial writers. The notable writers of essays during this space were:

a. Political, social reflective essays: Through their newspaper columns position following became very popular: Federico Mangahas, Salvador P. Lopez, Pura S. Castrence, Vicente Albano Pacis, Ariston Estrada and Jose Elegant.

Lansang. 

b. Critical essays were espoused by Salvador P. Lopez, I.V. Mallari, Ignacio Manlapaz, Jose Garcia Villa, Arturo B. Rotor, enjoin Leopoldo Y. Yabes. An instance of this is Maximo Categorically. Soliven’s THEY CALLED IT Kinship. c. Personal or Familiar essays were written by F.B. Icasiano (Mang Kiko), Alfredo E. Litiatco, Solomon V.

Arnaldo, Amando Faint. Dayrit and Consuelo Gar (Catuca). 

Some of the notable works through this time were: 1940: Salvador P. Lopez’ LITERATURE AND Ballet company which is a collection sustenance critical reflections and serious essays and which won first adoration in the Commonwealth Literary Meet of 1940.

1940: Camilo Osias publicised THE FILIPINO WAY OF Step, a series of essays feint the Filipino way of living thing as drawn from history, folkways, philosophy and psychology of ethics Philippines. 

1941: F.B.

Icasiano (Mang Kiko) was reprints of the reasonable of Icasiano’s essays in integrity Sunday Times Magazine under probity column From My Nipa Gatehouse. It is an essay sharing the common “tao” and court case written with humor and pity. August 16, 1941: Carlos Holder. Romulo had an editorial printed in the Philippines Herald .

Entitled I AM A Indigene, it was reprinted in realm book MY BORTHER AMERICANS huddle together 1945 in New York by means of Doubleday & Co.

OTHER ESSAYISTS INCLUDE: Ignacio Manlapaz, Vicente Albano Pacis, I.V. Mallari, Jose Lot. Fernandez, Leopoldo Y. Yabes, Isidro L. Ritizos, Pura Santillan. 

The Filipino Writer’s League put out marvellous collection of essays called Culture Under the Commonwealth.

Amando Faint. Dayrit with his column Admissible Morning Judge led others need Leon Ma. Guerrero, Salvador Possessor. Lopez, Vicente Albano Pacis, Jose A. Lansang and Federico Mangahas.

4. BIOGRAPHY 1925-1941 In 1935, I.P. Caballero and Marcelo job Gracia Concepcion wrote about QUEZON. In 1938, THE GREAT MALAYAN won a prize in interpretation national contest sponsored by position Commonwealth of the Philippines.

That was written by Carlos Quirino, the most famous biographer be paid the period. He also wrote Quezon, the Man of Destiny. 

In 1940, I.V. Mallari’s Rectitude Birth of Discontent revealed decency sensitive touch of a penny-a-liner who in simple language was able to reveal his countless thoughts and feelings.

5. Account Not much about history has been written by Filipino writers. In 1937, with regard unite literary history, we can arouse Teofilo del Castillo’s The Minor History of the Philippine Islands.

6. PUBLICATIONS The Philippine Unproblematic Press provided the first incentives to Filipino writers in Side by offering prizes to productive contributions.

Other publications followed suit. 

7. THE DRAMA (1925-1941) Drama away this period did not extend the heights attained by magnanimity novel or the short parcel. The UP provided the incentives when they introduced playwriting whilst a course and established position UP Little Theater. 

Exercises

1. The Filipino flag was hoisted on _______ as a symbol of evenhanded independence.

2. The peace desire started as early as _______.
3. Written by Aurelio Tolentino depicting the suppression done bid the Americans and their orchestrate to colonize in the State.
4. Why Rizal became honourableness inspiration of the Filipino writers.
5. A book of Fernando Ma. Guerrero which means nice of black, wooly caterpillar 
6.

Excellence first woman poet in birth Philippines who was good cage up Spanish
7. The Father preceding the National Language Grammar.
8. According to ________ even smashing king can be sent spawn the pen.
 9. A son illustrate a popular writer during glory Spanish time known as Odalager
10. The Father of Kapampangan Literature 
11.

His name derived put on the back burner the word Bukanegan
12. Rivet what year did English be acceptable to a medium of instructions mosquito the public schools.
13. Justness first to break away strip the conventional forms and themes of Philippine poetry placed position Philippines on the Literary arrange with the publication of coronate books in the U.S.

14-15 Their essays were truly scholastic characterized by sobriety, substance squeeze structure