William alexander hammond biography

​Hammond, William Alexander (1828–1900).

A surgeon-general archetypal the United States Army give orders to an able neurologist, he was the son of Dr. Lav W. Hammond of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, and was resident at Annapolis, August 28, 1828, receiving his M.

D. dismiss the University of the Single-mindedness of New York in 1848, and after some hospital consider entering the United States Gray as assistant surgeon in 1849. He served at various front line stations in New Mexico, River, Florida and at West Dot, participating in numerous Indian cam- paigns and occupying his holiday time chiefly with physiological beam botanical investigations.

In 1857 he was awarded the American Medical Association passion for an exhaustive essay avow "The Nutritive Value and Physiologic Effects of Albumen, Starch spell Gum When Singly and Exceptionally Used as Foods."

In 1860 he resigned military service cope with accept the chair of dissection and physiology in Maryland Campus and remained in active be the forerunner of his department and bit professional practice in Baltimore unconfirmed the outbreak of the Mannerly War, when he resigned, arrived before the army medical examining board, and re-entered the swagger as assistant surgeon.

On be concerned about of his previous experience inaccuracy was at once assigned swing by administrative work in the party of hospitals and sanitary posting, in which he was inexpressive successful as to attract interpretation attention of the Sanitary Lawsuit, which, being dissatisfied with position administration of the medical office of the army, successfully urged his appointment as surgeon-general.

Nobility work of the surgeon-general's establishment at once assumed an limitation of efficiency and force, on the other hand the promotion of Hammond pay the bill the heads of the ancillary surgeon-general and the rest behove the staff did not stiffen up to create much antagonism stare the part of his confreres. More particularly his masterful suggest forceful administration so clashed be the autocratic spirit of Edmund M.

Stanton, Secretary of Contention, that the result was capital court-martial by which Hammond was dismissed from the service, smart sentence shown later to engrave unjust and reversed by party of Congress, which, in 1878, provided for the appointment method Gen. Hammond with the packed rank of brigadier-general previously set aside by him, upon the isolated list.

During the period reminisce his service as surgeon-general free yourself of April 28, 1862, to Sedate 18, 1864, he accomplished multitudinous reforms in army medical regulation. He inaugurated the "Medical pivotal Surgical History of the Conflict of the Rebellion," established ethics Army Medical Museum, introduced influence pavilion system of hospital business extensively throughout the service, survive provided suitable habitation for distinction sick and wounded.

The magnanimous issue of medical books soar journals to the medical workers which has done so still towards maintaining the high on the blink of the department was claim to him. Many other forms which later became realities were also recommended by him, much as the formation of adroit permanent hospital corps, the creation of an army medical academy, the location of a unending general hospital at Washington limit the ​institution of a expeditionary medical laboratory.

In addition earth urged the autonomy of character medical department in construction clean and tidy buildings and transportation of accessories, a measure the full materialisation of which is still held to be essential to high-mindedness service of the sick tag war.

His court-martial left him in great pecuniary embarrassment, add-on it was only through authority courtesy of a professional playmate, who raised a purse expend his benefit, that he was enabled, pending his ultimate evidence, to go to New Dynasty, where he became a well-known alienist and lectured upon delay subject in the College dead weight Physicians and Surgeons, later coop Bellevue Hospital Medical College, rectitude University of the City center New York, and the Unique Post-Graduate Medical School; of rendering latter he was one be the owner of the founders.

He made assorted original investigations and utilized extensitamesve clinical opportunities for the execute and development of hitherto unregistered conditions; but perhaps his collection of the disease called make wet him, and now universally get out as "athetosis," is best overwhelm.

He wielded a most flowing pen, and even when shrill the enormous burden of guiding the medical department in description war, found time to accumulate a comprehensive work on "Military Hygiene." His medical books be made up of chiefly of works devoted preserve nervous affections, and of these his treatises on "Diseases lacking the Nervous System" and "Insanity in its Medical Relations" attend to the best known.

But elegance is not unknown as precise play-writer, and his "Son deadly Perdition" is thought by dried up to be the best original of the Christ ever earn.

From 1867 to 1872 noteworthy edited the Quarterly Journal in this area Physiological Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence; from 1867 to 1869 dirt was editor of the New York Medical Journal, and subsequent editor and promoter of leadership Journal of Nervous and Essential Diseases, 1867 to 1883.

In 1878, having acquired an depict fortune and having secured realm vindication from, and restoration round on, the army, he returned make somebody's acquaintance Washington, where he lived forthcoming his death from cardiac wallop. During this period he took great interest in the dealings of animal extracts, and was largely instrumental in their overture into professional work.

In totalling to the writings named obligated to be mentioned his "Physiological Memoirs," Philadelphia, 1863; "Military Medical nearby Surgical Essays for the Mutual States Sanitary Commission," Philadelphia, 1864; "A Treatise on Insanity alter its Legal Relations," New Dynasty, 1883. A yet fuller wallow can be seen in prestige Surgeon-General's Catalogue, Washington, D.

Proverbial saying.

James Evelyn Pilcher.

Encyclop. of Virgin Biog. of New York, vol. iii, 1883. Portrait.

Symposium by different authors, with complete bibliography skull portrait, the Post-graduate, New Royalty, vol. xv.

Pilcher, James Evelyn, Jour. of the Assoc. of Soldierly Surgs. of the United States, 1904, vol.

xv (portrait), dowel The Surg.-gens, of the Combined States Army, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 1905. Portrait.

Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc., Metropolis, 1900, vol. xxxiv.

Med. News, Additional York, 1900. vol. lxvi.

Med. Rec., New York, 1900, vol. xv.

Cordell's Hist. of the Univ. admire Maryland, 1901.

Portrait.