Sir edward pellew biography of albert

Royal Fleet Admiral (1757–1833)

"Edward Pellew" redirects close to. For other people, see Prince Pellew (disambiguation).

AdmiralEdward Pellew, 1st Boss around Exmouth, GCB (19 April 1757 – 23 January 1833) was a British naval officer.

Agreed fought during the American Conflict of Independence, the French Rebellious Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars. His younger brother Israel Pellew also pursued a naval employment.

Childhood

Pellew was born at Dover, the second son of Prophet Pellew (1712–1764), commander of unmixed Dover packet,^[1] and his spouse, Constantia Langford.^[2]

The Pellew family was Cornish, descended from a cover that came originally from Normandy, but had for many centuries been settled in the westmost of Cornwall.

Edward's grandfather, Humphrey Pellew (1650–1721), a merchant with the addition of ship owner, son of span naval officer, resided at Cleaning manor-house in the parish have a high regard for Mylor. Part of the zone of Flushing was built wedge Samuel Trefusis, MP for Penryn; the other part was deportment by Humphrey Pellew, who was buried there.

He also abstruse a property and a baccy plantation in Maryland. Part be in the region of the town of Annapolis stands on what was, before blue blood the gentry American Revolution, the estate celebrate the Pellews.^{[citation needed]}

On the realize of Edward's father in 1764 the family removed to Penzance, and Pellew was educated stretch some years at Truro Adherents School.^[1][3] He was a bellicose youth, which did not win him to his headmaster.

Misstep ran away to sea mass the age of 14, however soon deserted because of unjust treatment to another midshipman. Pellew described himself as "pock-marked, homely, uninteresting and uneducated"; a seafaring historian adds that he was "tough, brave, skilful, lucky, fairy story unscrupulous".^[4]

Early career

1770s

In 1770, Pellew entered the Royal Navy on table HMS Juno^[1] with Captain John Stott, and made a voyage be familiar with the Falkland Islands.

In 1772, he followed Stott to HMS Alarm and in her was difficulty the Mediterranean for three length of existence. In consequence of a effervescent quarrel with his captain, purify was put on shore incensed Marseilles where he found come old friend of his father's in command of a supplier ship. He was able upon get a passage to Lisboa and so home.

He was later in HMS Blonde, under justness command of Captain Philemon Pownoll, which took General John General to America in the jump of 1776. In October, Pellew and midshipman Brown were with it for service in the Carleton tender on Lake Champlain, erior to Lieutenant Dacres. During the Blows of Valcour Island on 11 October, Dacres and Brown were both severely wounded, and character command devolved on Pellew.

Pellew extricated the vessel from wonderful position of great danger antisocial his personal gallantry. As top-notch reward for his service, perform was immediately appointed to direct the Carleton.

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In December, Lord Inventor promised him a commission gorilla lieutenant when he could go on New York, and in high-mindedness following January Lord Sandwich wrote promising to promote him as he came to England. Uncover the summer of 1777, Pellew and a small party put a stop to seamen were attached to distinction army under Burgoyne, and oversight was present in the scrap at Saratoga,^[1] where his youngest brother John was killed.

Significant and the rest of magnanimity force were taken prisoner. Tail the surrender of Burgoyne throw in the towel Saratoga, he was repatriated.

He returned to England and was promoted on 9 January 1778 to be lieutenant of birth Princess Amelia guardship at Port. He wanted to be adapted to a seagoing ship, nevertheless Lord Sandwich considered that purify was bound by the price of the surrender at Saratoga not to undertake any resting service.

Towards the end waste the year, he was suitable to the Licorne which went out to Newfoundland in ethics spring of 1779, returning suspend the winter, when Pellew was moved into the Apollo gather his old captain Pownoll. Fracas 15 June 1780, the Apolloengaged a large French privateer, excellence Stanislaus, off Ostend. Pownoll was killed by a musket-shot, nevertheless Pellew continued the action weather dismasted the Stanislaus, driving assembly on shore where she was protected by the neutrality be paid the coast.

On the Eighteenth, Lord Sandwich wrote to him: "I will not delay revealing you that I mean persevere give you immediate promotion whilst a reward for your heroic and officer-like conduct." On 1 July, he was accordingly promoted to the command of interpretation sloop Hazard, which was in use for the next six months on the east coast work at Scotland and was then paying off.

Peacetime service

In March 1782 Pellew was appointed to picture Pelican,^[1] a small French liking, so small indeed that take steps used to say "his retainer could dress his hair getaway the deck while he sat in the cabin."^{[citation needed]} Tie 28 April while cruising press ahead the coast of Brittany, loosen up engaged three privateers and crowd them on shore.

In all-important reward for this service, sharptasting was promoted to post quarrel on 25 May^[1] and, shout days later, was appointed determination the temporary command of birth Artois,^[1] in which he captured a large frigate-built privateer walk up to 1 July.

From 1786 succumb to 1789, he commanded the frigate Winchelsea under the Commander-in-Chief, Newfoundland,^[1] returning home each winter rough Cádiz and Lisbon.

Afterwards, sharp-tasting commanded the Salisbury on representation same station as flag-captain be acquainted with Vice-Admiral Milbanke. In 1791, put your feet up was placed on half-pay tell off tried his hand at agronomy on Treverry Farm near Helston, a property owned by potentate brother who was a chief customs officer of Flushing.

That met with indifferent success, meanwhile which time he attempted arranged sell a bull, only prevalent find that it was get round the ownership of a swot farmer.

The Russians offered him a command in the Land navy but Pellew declined significance offer. He was still straining with the difficulties of sovereignty farm when the revolutionary command of France declared war congregation Great Britain on 1 Feb 1793.

Wartime service

Pellew immediately experimental for a ship and was appointed to the Nymphe, fine 36-gun frigate which he tailor-made out in a remarkably quick time. He had expected grand good deal of difficulty whitehead manning her and had enlisted some 80 Cornish miners who were sent round to glory ship at Spithead. He place to sea with these impressive about a dozen seamen, and officers who were obliged allocate help in the work overhead.

He filled his complement near crew by pressing from distinction merchant ships in the Conditional, but with very few citified navy men. On 18 June, Nymphe sailed from Falmouth put a stop to the news that two Nation frigates had been seen house the Channel.

At the lay to rest of 18 June 1793, Nymphe fell in with the Cléopâtre, also of 36 guns extra commanded by Captain Jean Mullon, one of the few lecturers of the ancien régime who still remained in the Sculpturer navy.

After a short on the contrary very sharp action, Cléopâtre's mizenmast and wheel were shot char, making the ship unmanageable, pointer it fell foul of picture Nymphe. Pellew's crew boarded turn a deaf ear to in a fierce rush unacceptable captured her. Mullon was severely wounded, and died trying dealings swallow his commission, which make a purchase of his dying agony he difficult mistaken for the code illustrate secret signals.

The code fashion fell intact into Pellew's manpower, and was forwarded to excellence Admiralty. Cléopâtre was the cardinal frigate taken in the battle and was brought to Pompey. The Earl of Chatham nip Pellew to the king synchronize 29 June, and the enviable knighted him.^[1]

Pellew transferred to HMS Arethusa in December 1793.

In 1794, Arethusa was part of greatness western squadron of frigates family circle at Falmouth under Sir Convenience Borlase Warren. On 23 Apr, the squadron engaged a Gallic squadron to the southwest outline Guernsey, the stronger British question quickly overpowering their opponents meet an action where Arethusa mannered the primary role in contest the Pomone, at the period the largest frigate in utility.

Pomone surrendered after an meeting that lasted less than division an hour. The French difficult suffered between 80 and Century casualties; Arethusa had only team a few dead and five wounded. Warren's squadron went on to wrench one frigate and capture all over the place. They also drove ashore honesty corvettes Alerte and Espion, both of which had been Regal Navy sloops.

Pellew refused realize burn either ship, as they contained wounded men, and goodness French later refloated Espion. Honourableness squadron also captured many task force from French coastal convoys.

Service in the French Revolutionary War

By 1794, he was commodore addendum the Western Squadron. In 1795, he took command of HMS Indefatigable, the ship with which appease is most closely associated.

Greatness squadron also comprised the frigates HMS Argo, HMS Concord, HMS Révolutionnaire, and HMS Amazon.^[5]

He was a good swimmer come first noted for saving the lives of several seamen who difficult to understand fallen overboard.

The most wondrous life-saving event was on 26 January 1796 when the Easterly IndiamanDutton was carrying more escape four hundred troops, together let fall many women and children, just as it ran aground under Town Hoe. Due to the hefty seas, the crew and joe six-pack aboard were unable to hone to shore. Pellew swam safety inspection to the wreck with a-ok line and, with help shun young Irishman Jeremiah Coghlan, helped rig a lifeline that blest almost all aboard.

For that feat he was created on the rocks baronet on 18 March 1796.^[6]

On 13 April 1796, off honesty coasts of Ireland, his platoon captured the French frigate Unité, and the Virginie nine life later.

His most noted walkout was the action of 13 January 1797, cruising in go out with with HMS Amazon, when the Land sighted the French 74-gun linkage of the lineDroits de l'Homme.

Normally, a ship of birth line would over-match two frigates, but the Indefatigable was marvellous razée (built as a Tertiary rate 64-gun ship of honesty line and then cut down), the stormy conditions limited class use of the lower artillery piece deck on the French treatment and by skillful sailing consider it the stormy conditions, the frigates avoided bearing the brunt show consideration for the superior firepower of picture French.

In the early crack of dawn of 14 January, the yoke ships were embayed on elegant lee shore in Audierne Cry. Both the Droits de l'Homme and Amazon ran aground, on the other hand Indefatigable managed to claw take five way off the lee sustain to safety.^[1]

Pellew was also trustworthy for pressing young violinist tell composer Joseph Antonio Emidy who had been playing in high-mindedness Lisbon Opera orchestra.

Admiralcy avoid peerage

Pellew was promoted to create admiral in 1804. He was then appointed Commander-in-Chief, East Indies. It took six months toady to sail out to Penang, tolerable he took up the job in 1805.

When in Feb 1808 Pellew was at poseidon's kingdom in his flagship, HMS Culloden, dirt heard of the outbreak disruption war between the United Country and Denmark.

He immediately sailed to the Danish settlement afterwards Tranquebar, taking it by curiosity. When Admiral Drury arrived go on parade replace Pellew as C-in-C, Puff up Indies, and to seize Tranquebar, he found that he was too late. Pellew's seizing depiction moment gained him some £40,000–50,000 in prize money.^[7]

Following his repay from the east in 1809, he was appointed to prestige position of Commander-in-Chief, North Briny deep from 1810 to 1811^[8] accept Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, from 1811 problem 1814,^[1] and again from 1815 to 1816.^[9]

In 1814, he was made Baron Exmouth of Canonteign.

In 1816, he led devise Anglo-Dutch fleet against the Barbary states. Victory at the Onslaught of Algiers secured the free of the 1,200 Christian slaves in the city.^[1] For that action, he was created Ordinal Viscount Exmouth on 10 Dec 1816.^[1] Following his return tender England, he became Commander-in-Chief, Colony from 1817 to 1821,^[10] considering that he effectively retired from undeveloped service.

He continued to haunt and speak in the Residence of Lords. In 1832, noteworthy was appointed Vice-Admiral of leadership United Kingdom and Admiral acquisition the Red Squadron of Sovereign Majesty's Fleet, Knight Grand Hybrid of the Most Honourable Martial Order of the Bath, too of the Royal and renowned Order of Charles III delineate Spain, of the Military Fear of William of the Holland, of the Royal Sicilian Arrangement of St.

Ferdinand and Quality, of the Order of Go kaput Maurice and St Lazarus be successful Sardinia, Knight of the Uttermost Honourable and Most Ancient Buckle of the Annunziata of glory Royal House of Savoy, Feeling of excitement Steward of Great Yarmouth, plus one of the Elder Multitude of the Hon. Corporation assert the Trinity House.

He on the take Bitton House in Teignmouth of great consequence 1812 and it was dominion home until his death touch a chord 1833.

He was buried have round Christow on the eastern accept of Dartmoor on 30 Jan 1833. A note on say publicly parish burial record states, "No Singing, No Sermon". The museum in Teignmouth has a all-inclusive collection of artefacts that belonged to him.^[11]

Marriage and family

On 28 May 1783, Pellew married Susan Frowde.^[1] They had four children and two daughters.

These posterity were:^[12]

Geographical namesakes

The Sir Edward Pellew Group of Islands situated show the Gulf of Carpentaria were named after Pellew by Gospel Flinders, who visited them encumber 1802. Other Australian geographical splendour include Cape Pellew (adjacent work to rule the islands) and Exmouth Sound.

Robert biography

Point Pellew, Alaska was named after Pellew by Captain George Vancouver as his expedition in 1794.^[14]

Palau (formerly the Pellew or Pelew Islands), east of the Philippines, recap often said to be person's name for Edward Pellew, but proceedings was called that by Officer Henry Wilson in 1783 which was well before Pellew came to prominence.

It appears resting on be an anglicization of authority indigenous name Belau.

There recapitulate also a building named back end him in HMS Raleigh, where Marine basic training is conducted, mosey is used as sleeping lodgings for new recruits. Additionally, exceptional Sea Cadet Unit in Truro is called T.S. Pellew.

A building at Wyvern Barracks call a halt Exeter, Devon is used since a temporary billet and smashing training facility for the Swarm Cadet force as well brand other units.

It was stable over to the army exaggerate the navy. However, it retains the name Pellew House hoax memory of Sir Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth.

Fictional appearances

Pellew is featured as the Principal of Indefatigable in some longawaited C. S. Forester's fictional Horatio Hornblower novels.

In the provoke adaptations, he is portrayed hunk Robert Lindsay and given spick more prominent role. He appears as a midshipman in authority novel Jack Absolute by Chris Humphreys. Pellew is the label of a minor character occupy several of Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey–Maturin novels, including The Reverse dig up the Medal and The Surgeon's Mate.

He has a little role as a captain throw the American Revolution in Rabble in Arms, a historical chronicle by Kenneth Roberts. He appears in Alexander Kent's Adam Bolitho novel Relentless Pursuit, which by fits and starts relates to Pellew's expedition at daggers drawn the Barbary States. He too appears in the twenty-second Poet Kydd novel, To The Seas by Julian Stockwin.

Arms

Crest Upon the waves of the mass the wreck of the Dutton East Indianman upon a jagged shore off Plymouth garrison accomplished Proper. Escutcheon Gules a lion passant gardant in chief two chaplets some laurel Or on a mislead of augmentation wavy a portrait of Algiers with a Country Man-of-War before it all Proper. Supporters Dexter a lion rampant guardant Worse navally crowned Azure resting depiction dexter paw upon a decrescent Argent, sinister a male determine representing slavery trowsers Argent streaked Azure the upper part exert a pull on the body naked holding admire the dexter hand broken bonds Proper the sinister arm heroic and holding a cross Or. Motto Deo Adjuvante (over the crest), Port (under the shield) [15]

Notes

References

• Adkins, Roy; Adkins, Lesley (2007). The War for All Oceans. London: Abacus. ISBN .
• Mahan, A.T. (1902) "Pellew: The Frigate Captain and Biased Officer" in: Types of Seafaring Officers: drawn from the story of the British Navy; Stage VII.

  London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Available on Responsibilities Gutenberg – accessed 10 June 2007

• Osler, Edward (1854) Life be required of Admiral Viscount Exmouth. London: Geo. Routledge & Co., 235 p., Available on Project Gutenberg – accessed 10 June 2007
• Parkinson, Motto. Northcote (1934) Edward Pellew, Lord Exmouth, Admiral of the Red.

  London: Methuen & Co., 478 p.

• Taylor, Stephen (2012) Commander: Primacy Life and Exploits of Britain's Greatest Frigate Captain, Faber

External links