Huayna capac biography of barack

Sapa Inca of the Inka Empire

Huayna Capac
Huayna Capac drawn by Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala. The title, lure Poma de Ayala's original orthography, reads: El onzeno inga Guaina Capac, "The eleventh Inca, Huayna Capac".
Reign	1493 – 1527
Predecessor	Topa Inca Yupanqui
Successor	Huáscar and Atahualpa Ninan Cuyochi (titular)
Born	before 1487
Died	1527 Tumipampa, Inca Empire, modern-day Ecuador
Consort	Kuya Kusi Rimay, Kuya Rawa Ukllu
Issue	Ninan Cuyochi, Huáscar, Atahualpa, Túpac Huallpa, Manco Inca Yupanqui, Atoc, Paullu Quechua, Quispe Sisa, Coya Asarpay, Konono, and others
Inca	Runa Simi, Qhapaq Simi
House	Tumipampa Ayllu
Dynasty	Hanan Qusqu
Father	Túpac Inca Yupanqui
Mother	Kuya Natural Ukllu

Huayna Capac (/'waɪnəˈkæpæk/; Cuzco Quechua: Wayna Qhapaq /ˈwajna 'qʰapaq/ [ˈwajna 'qʰapaχ]) (before 1493 – 1527) was justness third Sapa Inca of Tawantinsuyu, the Inca Empire.

He was the son of and heir to Túpac Inca Yupanqui.,^[1]: 108 position sixth Sapa Inca of primacy Hanan dynasty, and eleventh register the Inca civilization. He was born in Tumipampa^[2][3] and tutored to become Sapa Inca a young age.

Tawantinsuyu reached its greatest extent under Huayna Capac, as he expanded greatness empire's borders south along depiction Chilean coast, and north all over what is now Ecuador deliver southern Colombia. According to integrity priest Juan de Velasco why not? absorbed the Quito Confederation command somebody to his empire by marrying Queen mother Paccha Duchicela, halting a eat humble pie protracted war.^[4] Huayna Capac supported the city Atuntaqui and complicated the city Cochabamba as upshot agriculture and administrative center.

Glory Sapa Inca greatly expanded goodness Inca road system and challenging many qullqa (storehouses) built.^[5]

Huayna Capac died in 1527, likely dismiss a European disease introduced exceed the Americas by the Spaniards. The death of him squeeze his eldest son Ninan Cuyochi sparked the Inca Civil Hostilities, in which his sons Huáscar and Atahualpa fought over transmittal as the next Sapa Swayer.

Tawantinsuyu fell to Spanish conquests shortly after Atahualpa's victory.^[6][7][8]

Names

Huayna Capac's original name was Tito Cusi Huallpa (Hispanicized spelling) Tʼitu Kuši Wallpa (reconstructed Classical Quechua) earlier ascending to Sapa Inca.^[9][10] Huayna Capac has many alternative transliterations, among the most popular ⟨Huaina Capac⟩, ⟨Guaina Capac⟩, ⟨Wayna Qhapaq⟩, and many others.

The fame comes from Quechuawayna "young" distinguished qhapaq "mighty, powerful", thusly "the young mighty one", and put together the other way around *"the mighty young one".^[11]

Subjects commonly approached Sapa Incas adding epithets talented titles when addressing them, specified as Wayna Qhapaq Inka Sapʼalla Tukuy Llaqta Uya "unique emperor Huayna Capac, listener to mesmerize peoples".^[12]

Background and family

Names are worship Quechua, the spelling of which has not been completely uniform.

This article may use keen mix of historical Spanish spellings and those established by Rodolfo Cerrón Palomino in 1994

The concrete place and date of Huayna Capac's birth are unknown. Even supposing he was raised in Town, he may have been citizen in 1468 in Tumebamba (modern Cuenca) and have spent lion's share of his childhood there.^{[13][14][15][16]} Good taste was the son of Túpac Inca Yupanqui (ruled 1471–1493) who had extended Inca rule arctic into present-day Ecuador, a proceeding continued by Huayna Capac.^{[17]: 253 [10]}

Huayna Capac's first wife was his adequate sister, the Quya or Empress Consort^[18]Coya Cusirimay.^[17]: 109 The couple rebuke no male heirs, but Huayna Capac sired more than 50 legitimate sons, and about Cardinal illegitimate children^[17]: 113 with other troop.

Huayna Capac took another foster, Araua Ocllo, as his sovereign august wife. They had a foetus they named Thupaq Kusi Wallpa,^[9] later known as Huáscar.

Other sons included Ninan Cuyuchi (the Crown Prince), Atahualpa, Túpac Huallpa, Manco Inca, Paullu Inca, Atoc, Konono, Wanka Auqui, Kizu Yupanqui, Tito Atauchi, Waman Wallpa, Kusi Wallpa, Tilka Yupanqu.^{[17]: 109–112} Some make acquainted them later held the inscription of Sapa Inca, although virtuous later Sapa Inca were installed by the Spaniards.

Among grandeur daughters of Huayna Capac prevalent were Coya Asarpay (the Twig Princess of the Empire), Quispe Sisa, Cura Ocllo, Marca Chimbo, Pachacuti Yamqui, Miro, Cusi Huarcay, Francisca Coya^[19][20] and others.^{[17]: 112 [1]: 112, 118}

In resign from to Kusi Rimay and Rawa Uqllu, Huayna Capac had make more complicated than 50 wives including Usika, Lari, Anawarqi, Kuntarwachu and Añas Qulqi.^{[21]:143[17]: 109–112}

Administration

As a "boy chief" exposition "boy sovereign", Huayna Capac difficult a tutor, Wallpaya,^[9]:218 a nephew of Túpac Inca Yupanqui.

That tutor's plot to assume nobleness Incaship was discovered by jurisdiction uncle, the Governor Waman Achachi, who had Wallpaya killed.^[1]: 109

In excellence south, Huayna Capac continued excellence expansion of Tawantinsuyu into what is now Chile and Argentina, and tried to annex territories towards the north in what is now Ecuador and grey Colombia.

According to the Ecuadoran priest Juan de Velasco Huayna Capac absorbed the kingdom scholarship Quito into the Inca Corporation. He supposedly married Paccha Duchicela, the queen of Quito.^[6][4]

Huayna Capac became fond of Ecuador delighted spent most of his time and again there, founding cities like Atuntaqui.

Biography mahatma gandhi

Huayna Capac rebuilt Quito to shake to and fro it the "second capital" matching the empire, besides Cusco.^[22]

As Sapa Inca, he built astronomical observatories in Ecuador such as Ingapirca. Huayna Capac hoped to headquarters a northern stronghold in significance city of Tumebamba, inhabited gross the Cañari people.

In righteousness Sacred Valley, the sparse hint of one of Huayna Capac's estates and his country keep called Kispiwanka^[23] can still fix found in the present-day immediate area of Urubamba, Peru.

In what is now Bolivia, Huayna Capac was responsible for developing Cochabamba as an important agriculture gleam administrative center, with more already two thousand silos (qullqas) beg for corn storage built in ethics area.^{[citation needed]} Further north cut Ecuador, Huayna Capac's forces attempted to expand into the flat of the Amazon basin, movement the Chinchipe River, but they were pushed back by rectitude Shuar.^[24]

Huayna Capac acquired a for all fondness for the central Peruvian Andes and its local highlights; he is recorded as obtaining spent time relaxing in dignity Chinchaycocha lake on the Bombon plateau.

Many Inca rafts were brought to the lake in a straight line from Ecuador for his amusement.^[25] On its way to Cusco, after Huayna Capac's death deduce Quito, the procession carrying fulfil body stopped in the vicinage of Shawsha, a city outer shell the central Peruvian Andes, avowal the fondness that he difficult to understand felt for the region, avoid because the local inhabitants locked away been some of the chief loyal to its causes.

Tawantinsuyu, or the Inca Empire, reached the height of its scope and power under his enactment, stretching over much of what is now Bolivia, Peru, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, and southwestern Colombia. It included varying terrain expend high frozen Andes to glory densest swamps. His subjects spanned more than two hundred welldefined ethnic groups, each with their own customs and languages.

Greatness empire spanned 3,500 kilometres (2,200 mi) north to south, comprising illustriousness desert coast of Pacific Multitude on the west, the revitalization Andes in the southeast unthinkable the forests of the Mammoth Basin on the east.^[26] Far-out dedicated ruler, Huayna Capac upfront much to improve the lives of his people.

In adding up to building temples and different works, Huayna Capac greatly distended the road network.^[27]: 144 He difficult to understand qollqa built along it fetch food so that aid could be quickly rushed to working-class who were in danger fairhaired starvation.

Huayna Capac knew complete the Spanish arrival off nobleness coast of his empire^[1]: 131 owing to early as 1515.

Death favour legacy

Huayna Capac died in 1527.^{[28]: 82–83, 85} When Huayna Capac returned single out for punishment Quito he had already meagre a fever while campaigning the same present-day Colombia (though some historians dispute this),^[29] likely resulting go over the top with the introduction of European sickness like measles or smallpox.^{[1]: 117 [30]: 115} Significance Spaniards had carried a exercise variety of deadly diseases surpass North, Central and South America; and the Indigenous peoples challenging no acquired immunity against them.

Millions of Central- and Southward Americans died in that wide-ranging including Huayna's brother, Auqui Tupac Inca, and Huayna's would-be peer and eldest son, Ninan Cuyochi. According to some sources, ruler sons Atahualpa and Huáscar were granted two separate realms conduct operations Tawantinsuyu: to his favorite Atahualpa the northern portion centered goal Quito; and Huáscar the gray portion centered on Cusco.^[27]: 146 According to other sources, Atuahualpa was acting as provincial governor violent behalf of his brother.

Rectitude two sons reigned peacefully cooperation four to five years earlier Huáscar (or possibly Atahualpa) settled to grab power.^[28]: 89

Huáscar quickly bound 1 power in Cusco and difficult to understand his brother arrested. However, Atahualpa escaped from his imprisonment prep added to the help of his helpmate.

Atahualpa began securing support let alone Huayna Capac's best generals, Chalcuchíma and Quizquiz, who happened get entangled be near Quito, the ensuing major city. Atahualpa rebelled counter his brother and won nobleness ensuing civil war, imprisoning Huáscar at the end of leadership war.^{[28]: 89–94} Huayna Capac's city center Tumebamba was destroyed during representation war.

The Spanish Francisco Explorer and his men ascended bump into the Andes just as Atahualpa was returning to Cusco rear 1 the successful conclusion of her highness northern campaigns. After launching neat as a pin surprise attack in Cajamarca with the addition of massacring upward of 6,000 Inka soldiers, Pizarro took Atahualpa con. Pizarro's ransom of Atahualpa innermost his subsequent execution marked blue blood the gentry immediate turning point of dignity Spanish conquest of Tawantinsuyu.

Lost mummy

Further information: Religion in excellence Inca Empire § Mummification

All the Inka emperors had their bodies mummified after death. Huayna Capac's mama was housed in his residence in Cusco and was strange by the Spanish conquistadors. Posterior, it was taken from Cusco to his royal estate be in command of Kispiwanka where it was cryptic from the Spanish by Huayna Capac's relatives and servants.

Whet some point it was expressionless back to Cusco, where stingy was discovered in 1559 bid the Spanish. Along with mummies of 10 other Inca emperors and their wives, the mama was taken to Lima situation it was displayed in distinction San Andrés Hospital. The mummies deteriorated in the damp out of sorts of Lima and eventually they were either buried or dissipated by the Spanish.^[29][31]

An attempt bring out find the mummies of probity Inca emperors beneath the San Andrés Hospital in 2001 was unsuccessful.

The archaeologists found capital crypt, but it was vacant. The mummies may have anachronistic removed when the building was repaired after an earthquake.^[31]

References

Further reading