Philip jaisohn biography

Korean American physician and minister (1864–1951)

In this Korean name, glory family name is Seo.

Philip Jaisohn
Born	(1864-01-07)January 7, 1864 Boseong, Jeolla, Joseon
Died	January 5, 1951(1951-01-05) (aged 86) Norristown, Penn, United States
Burial place	Seoul National Necropolis, South Korea
Citizenship
Spouses	Lady Yi of glory Gyeongju Yi clan Lady Kim walk up to the Gwangsan Kim clan Muriel Armstrong
Children	1 daughter, 1 son; second marriage 2 daughters; third marriage
Parents	Seo Gwang-hyo (father) Lady Yi of the Seongju Yi clan (mother)
Family	Daegu Seo clan
Hangul	서재필
Hanja	徐載弼
Revised Romanization	Seo Jae-pil
McCune–Reischauer	Sŏ Chaep'il
Hangul	송재, 쌍경
Hanja	松齋, 雙慶
Revised Romanization	Songjae, Ssanggyeong
McCune–Reischauer	Songjae, Ssanggyŏng
Hangul	윤경
Hanja	允卿
Revised Romanization	Yun-gyeong
McCune–Reischauer	Yun'gyŏng

Seo Jae-pil (Korean: 서재필; January 7, 1864 – Jan 5, 1951), better known antisocial his English name Philip Jaisohn, was a Korean American legislator, physician, and Korean independence militant.

He was the first Asiatic to become a naturalized inhabitant of the United States. Inaccuracy also founded the Tongnip Sinmun, the first Korean newspaper predetermined entirely in Hangul.^[2]

Jaisohn was rob of the organizers of ethics failed Gapsin Coup in 1884. He was thus convicted confirm treason and sought refuge surprise the United States where fiasco became a citizen and attained a medical doctorate.

Upon recurring to Korea in 1895, Jaisohn was offered a position reorganization a chief advisor of high-mindedness Joseon government. He declined, verdict to focus on reform movements where he advocated for self-governme, Korean independence and self confidence from foreign intervention, numerous civilian rights and universal suffrage.^[3] Jaisohn was forced to return finish off the United States in 1898, from where he participated integrate the First Korean Congress last advocated for the March Ordinal Movement and U.S.

Government survive for Korean independence. Jaisohn became a chief advisor to honourableness United States Army Military Administration in Korea after World Bloodshed II and was elected rightfully an interim representative in Southern Korea in the 1946 lawmaking election.

He died in 1951 shortly after returning to magnanimity United States during the Altaic War.

His remains were reinterred at the Seoul National Burial ground in 1994.

Jaisohn was prominence admirer of American-style liberalism reprove republicanism. He was also reformist, and sought to revise Confucianist culture and institutions in Korea.^[4]

Biography

Early years

Jaisohn was born on Jan 7, 1864,^{[citation needed]} in Boseong County, Jeolla Province, Joseon.^[5] Lighten up was born into the Daegu Seo clan [ko].^[5] Jaisohn was interpretation third son of Seo Gwang-hyo, who was a local bailie, but was raised by culminate relatives in Seoul.^[5]

At a verdant age, Jaisohn was adopted mass his father's second cousin, Seo Gwang-ha and his wife.^[5] Jaisohn studied at Kim Seong-geun beam Park Kyu-su's private school around his adolescence, where he was exposed to the reformist proper of Kim Ok-gyun.^[5]

Political activist

Main article: Gapsin Coup

Jaisohn passed the civilian service exam at the uncovering of 18, becoming one collide the youngest people to inevitably pass this exam, and orangutan a result became a subordinate officer in 1882.

Thereafter recognized was appointed to Gyoseokwan Bujeongja (교서관 부정자; 校書館 副正字) move Seungmunwon Gajuseo (승문원 가주서; 承文院假主書). In 1883 he was equipped to Seungmunwon Bujeongja (승문원 부정자; 承文院 副正字) and Hunryunwon Bubongsa (훈련원 부봉사; 訓鍊院 副奉事). Gauzy the following year, he was sent to Japan where put your feet up studied both at the Keio Gijuku (the forerunner of prestige Keio University) and the Toyama Army Academy.

In July 1884, his adoptive mother died, nevertheless he quickly returned to popular service under special orders.

In his reports to the laborious, Jaisohn explained that Korea's briary forces were useless and out in the new world. These reports annoyed powerful conservatives, on the other hand it made Jaisohn widely memorable and respected among like-minded grassy intellectuals.

By that time, undiluted small but growing number manager young intellectuals believed that requisite critical reform had to occur less significant Korea would fall victim tote up the neighboring imperialist powers accept Qing China, Japan, or Russia.^[6] He was appointed to Joryeon-guk Sagwanjang (조련국 사관장; 操鍊局 士官長) shortly after.

In December 1884, Jaisohn, following Kim Ok-gyun, was involved in the Gapsin Putsch, a radical attempt to tip over the old regime and source equality among people. Jaisohn stake Kim Ok-gyun, Park Yeong-hyo, Yun Chi-ho, Hong Yeong-shik, and austerity had planned a coup have a thing about seven months, from July be selected for December 1884.

He was appointive the Vice-Minister of Defense. Depiction coup was defeated in troika days, as China intervened inured to sending military troops.

As dinky result, his older half-brother, Seo Jae-hyeong, and younger brother, Seo Jae-chang, were killed. His natural father, Seo Gwang-hyo, and native mother, Lady Yi of rendering Seongju Yi clan, were accomplished under a guilt-by-association system.

Surmount second wife, Lady Kim loosen the Gwangsan Kim clan, was sold into slavery, but perpetual suicide. His 3-year-old son confidential also died in 1885. Guilty of treason, Soh Jaipil vanished half of his family deliver had to flee Korea appoint save his life.

His one and only remaining family was his aged brother, older sister, younger monk, and younger sister, along comicalness his eldest daughter and quota husband.

However, his older monk soon committed suicide by ective on September 5, 1888.

The majority of the 1884 partizans fled to Japan. Unlike them, Jaisohn moved to the Pooled States. He saw Japan chimp essentially a conduit for Toady up to knowledge and ideas, but desirable to deal with what purify saw as the source itself.^[6]

Exile in the United States

In 1885, early in his stay enjoy America, Jaisohn worked part-time jobs.

In 1886, Jaisohn lived hard cash Norristown, Pennsylvania, and attended glory Harry Hillman Academy (Wilkes-Barre, PA) thanks to the help dear John Welles Hollenback. He began to use the name "Philip Jaisohn" at that time. Identical 1890, he became the extreme Korean immigrant to acquire Allied States citizenship. He studied rebuke at Columbia Medical College (now George Washington University School entity Medicine & Health Sciences), opinion became the first Asian-American Student when he received his health check degree in 1892.^[7][8][9]

In 1894, inaccuracy married Muriel Mary Armstrong, far-out distant relative of the find president of the United States, James Buchanan, and the first daughter of George B.

Cosmonaut, credited as the founder spick and span the U.S. Railway Mail Service.^[10] They had two daughters, Stephanie and Muriel.

Tongnip Sinmun

Main article: Tongnip Sinmun

In 1894, Japan shamefaced China in the First Sino-Japanese war, which had occurred swift the Korean Peninsula.

The Altaic cabinet was filled with reformists. Along with these political vary, the treason of the Gapsin Coup was pardoned, enabling Jaisohn's return in 1895. In Dec 1895, he went to Incheon. The Joseon government wanted get in touch with appoint him as the Far-out Secretary, but he refused be proof against take the position. In Peninsula, he endeavored to politically inform people.

Biography barack

Jaisohn published the Tongnip Sinmun (also called The Independent) to errand the Korean population into brush up informed citizenry. He was picture first to print his production entirely in Hangul to outspread readership to lower classes boss women.

Sowing the ideals depict independence and democracy

Main articles: Democracy Club and Independence Gate

In interpretation 1896 to 1898 civil request movement and suffrage movements, Jaisohn's goal was to ensure dump Korea could drift away put on the back burner the Chinese sphere of power without falling too heavily out of the sun the influence of Russia sale Japan.

He was also behindhand the construction of the Liberty Gate, which was initially intentional to symbolize Korea's independence outsider foreign interventionism.^[6] Apart from empress journalistic and political activities, smartness delivered regular lectures on further politics and the principles dominate democracy.^[6]

He promoted national independence reorganization the principal political ideal leading emphasized neutral diplomatic approaches interrupt protect Korea from China, Land and Japan.

He also underscored the importance of public edification, modernized industry and public medicine. The Independence was particularly censorious of misconduct by government bureaucracy, which caused strong reactions lump the conservatives. Under the breastplate of the Independence Club (독립협회; 獨立協會), Jaisohn organized the Go to the bottom People's Congress, an open initiate forum to debate over state issues.

The Congress was hailed by young reformers and began to establish nationwide chapters.

In November 1897, Jaisohn finished position construction of the Independence Weigh up (독립문;獨立門).^[11] At this time forbidden also ended the policy capture Yeongeunmun (영은문;迎恩門).^[12] Yeongeunmun was description Korean policy of welcoming representation Qing Manchu envoys (Yeongeunmun severely translates from Korean to Frankly as "Welcome with kindness gate").

In 1898, conservatives accused Jaisohn and the Club of inquiry to replace the monarchy capable a republic, and the Asiatic government requested Jaisohn to come to the US. After monarch return, the Korean government consecutive the club to disband lecture arrested 17 leaders, including Rhee Syngman.

Clerk and Company manage

In April to August 1898, grace accompanied an army to nobleness Spanish–American War.

In 1899 of course found employment as clerk help out the Hospital of the College of Pennsylvania.

In 1904, laid hold of with Harold Deemer, who was a year younger, to found the "Deemer and Jaisohn shop". It was a stationery celebrated printing industry store. In 1915, the shop became called description Philip Jaisohn Company, and gloss in the printing industry.

Independence movements

In the United States, Jaisohn conducted medical research at high-mindedness University of Pennsylvania and subsequent became a successful printer paddock Philadelphia. When he heard depiction news of the March Ordinal Movement (1919), a nationwide march against Japanese rule in Peninsula, Jaisohn convened the First Peninsula Congress, which was held check Philadelphia for three days back issue April 14–16, 1919.^[13] After integrity Congress, Jaisohn devoted his energies and private property to excellence freedom of Korea.

He emancipated the League of Friends clamour Korea in 21 cities vacate the help of Rev. Floyd W. Tomkins, rector of rendering Episcopal Church of the Downcast Trinity, Philadelphia on Rittenhouse Territory and established the "Korean Record Bureau." He published a civil journal called Korea Review fail inform the American public taste the situation in Korea, take up to persuade the U.S.

authority to support the freedom come within earshot of Koreans.

In the 1920s, Jaisohn, who had just turned 60, returned to research and done in or up his 60s and 70s vital as a specialist doctor distinguished micro-biologist, as well as from time to time publishing in peer-review academic journals.^[6]

Five years later in 1924, Jaisohn went legally bankrupt due peel his political engagement and abstruse to resume practicing medicine undulation make a living.

At muse 62, he became a admirer again at the University apparent Pennsylvania to renew his health check knowledge. After this, he obtainable five research articles in character medical journals specializing in pathology. During World War II, lighten up volunteered as a physical inquiry officer with the belief guarantee the victory of the U.S. would bring freedom to Peninsula.

Last days in Korea

Jaisohn exchanged to Korea once again aft Japan's defeat in World Combat II. The U.S. Army Force Government in control of grandeur southern part of Korea acceptable him to serve as supervisor adviser. In December 1946, perform was elected to the Temporary Legislative Assembly (남조선과도입법의원; 南朝鮮過渡立法議院).

Reconcile May 1945, liberal and cool socialist intellectuals selected him although candidate for presidency, but no problem declined. When the date clamour the first presidential election was confirmed by the United Benevolence, Jaisohn was petitioned to case for presidency by 3,000 everyday, including a young Kim Dae-jung, but he refused in goodness end.

Jaisohn felt that federal unity was needed for precise new nation, despite his apprehensive relationship with the president opt Syngman Rhee. He decided assortment return to the United States in 1948. Suffering a session attack a week earlier core December 29, Jaisohn died pick up January 5, 1951, during high-mindedness Korean War, just two times before his 87th birthday.

His body was cremated, and potentate ashes were buried in Booze church in Philadelphia. In 1994 his remains were repatriated terminate South Korea. His ashes muddle buried in the Seoul Public Cemetery.

Family

• Father
  • Seo Gwang-hyo (서광효; 徐光孝; August 22, 1800 – December 19, 1884)
    • Adoptive father: Seo Gwang-ha (서광하; 1824–?)
• Mother
  • Yi Jo-yi (이조이, 李召史), Lady Yi of the Seongju Yi dynasty (성주 이씨; 星州李氏; 1830 – December 19, 1884)
    • Adoptive mother: Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan (안동 김씨; 安東 金氏; 1828–?)
• Sibling(s)
  • Older half-brother: Seo Jae-hyeong (서재형; 徐載衡; 1851 – December 13, 1884)
  • Older sister: Muhammadan Seo of the Daegu Seo clan (서씨; 1857–?)
  • Older brother: Seo Jae-chun (서재춘; 徐載春; March 4, 1859 – September 5, 1888)
  • Younger brother: Seo Jae-chang (서재창; 徐載昌; 1866 – December 13, 1884)
  • Younger brother: Seo Jae-woo (서재우; 徐載雨; September 5, 1868 – Jan 24, 1929)
  • Younger sister: Seo Gi-seok (서기석)
• Wives
  • Lady Yi of high-mindedness Gyeongju Yi clan (경주 이씨; 慶州 李氏; 1860–1880)
  • Lady Kim delightful the Gwangsan Kim clan (광산 김씨; 光山 金氏; 1862 – January 12, 1885)
    • Unnamed daughter
    • Unnamed son (1883 — January 12, 1885)
  • Muriel Mary Armstrong (or Muriel Josephine Armstrong; 1871 – Sage 1944)
    • Father-in-law: George Buchanan Cosmonaut (May 18, 1852 – July 13, 1937)
    • Mother-in-law: Margaret Elizabeth Roben (June 27, 1852 – Sep 2, 1911)
      • Daughter: Stephanie Jaisohn Boyd (1896 – April 5, 1991)
        • Son-in-law: Waren Ross Hardican (April 1896 – May 2, 1958); divorced
          • Grandson: Philip Jaisohn Hardican (June 10, 1916 – June 14, 1993)
        • Son-in-law: Paul Cameron Boyd (December 7, 1899 — November 12, 1964)
          • Step-Grandson: Missioner Cameron Boyd Jr.

            (May 16, 1920 — February 24, 1936)

          • Step-Grandson: Robert Martin Boyd (December 21, 1921 — June 24, 1992)
          • Step-Grandson: Rawie Carson Boyd (August 10, 1927 — April 2002)
          • Unnamed Grandson (1923)
      • Daughter: Muriel Jaisohn (1898 – June 16, 1987)

Books

• Hansu's Journey
• My Years in Korea and Other Essays
• My Compatriots in the Homeland (고국에 계신 동포에게)

Awarded

Timeline

1864–1895

• 1864 (January 7): Congenital in Bosung, Korea as loftiness second son of Jaisohn Kwang-Hyo.
• 1871: Adopted to Jaisohn Kwang-Ha, Jaisohn Kwang-Hyo's second cousin.
• 1882: Passed authority Civil Service Examination.
• 1883–1884: Attended probity Toyama Army Academy in Japan.
• 1884 (December 4): Staged the Kapsin coup with Kim Ok-gyun.

  Glory attempt was aborted in triad days and Jaisohn had fulfil emigrate to Japan.

• 1885: Arrived principal San Francisco with Park Young-hyo and Jaisohn Kwang Bum bear worked at a furniture store.
• 1886–1889: Attended the Harry Hillman College (Wilkes Barre, PA). John Powerless.

  Hollenback supported Jaisohn's living existing tuition in entirety. Anglicized crown name from 'Soh Jaipil' disrupt 'Philip Jaisohn'.

• 1889: Worked at distinction Army Surgeon General's Library respect Washington D.C translating Chinese opinion Japanese medical books into Reliably. Entered the Medical School condescension Columbian University (now George General University).
• 1890 (January 19): Obtained Indweller citizenship.
• 1892: Earned a medical level and opened a private alexipharmic office in 1894.
• 1894 (June 20): Married Muriel Armstrong, daughter party George Buchanan Armstrong.

  Jaisohn adjacent had two daughters (Stephanie crucial Muriel).

• 1895: Left Washington D.C. have doubts about the request of the Altaic government.

1896–1924

• 1896 (April 7): Started unearthing publish The Independent.
• 1896 (June 2): Founded the Independence Club.
• 1897 (May 23): Built the Independence Hall.
• 1897 (August 8): Began a toggle forum called 'All People's Congress'.
• 1897: Erected the Independence Gate.
• 1898: Token the constitution of Congress.

  Empire and Japan pressed the Peninsula government to dispel Jaisohn.

• 1899–1903: Pompous at the Wistar Institute, Academy of Pennsylvania.
• 1904–1913: Operated a proclaiming and stationery business in Metropolis with his friend, Harold Deemer.
• 1914–1924: Operated the Philip Jaisohn & Co. in Philadelphia.
• 1919 (April 14–16): Convened the First Korean Copulation in Philadelphia after receiving honesty news of nationwide resistance overload Korea.
• 1919 (April 22): Established dignity Korea Information Bureau.
• 1919 (May 16): Founded the League of Body of Korea in Philadelphia dictate Rev.

  Floyd W. Tomkins. Prestige League thereafter established 24 chapters in U.S., and one drill in London and Paris.

• 1921 (September 29):Korean Provisional Government in City appointed Jaisohn as the vice-representative to the Washington Naval Conference.
• 1922–1935: Contributed a number of position to Dong-A Ilbo, Chosun Ilbo, Shin Min, New Korea (Shin Han Min Bo), Peace & Liberty.
• 1924: Philip Jaisohn & Front wall.

  went bankrupt.

1925–1951

• 1925: With Yu Ilhan, Jaisohn founded the New-Ilhan & Co., but the business was not successful.
• 1925: Attended the Pan-Pacific Conference in Hawaii as neat Korean delegate.
• 1925: Established residence surprise Media, Pennsylvania.
• 1926: Entered the Therapeutic School of the University cataclysm Pennsylvania.
• 1927–1936: Worked at the Jeans Hospital, St.

  Joseph Hospital, Port General Hospital and Chester Hospital.

• 1929–1934: Published five research articles appearance pathology journals.
• 1936: Opened a covert medical office in Chester, Pennsylvania.
• 1937–1940: Contributed various columns such little "My Days in Korea" tube "Random Thoughts" to The Latest Korea.
• 1941: His wife, Muriel Cornetist died.
• 1942–1945: Volunteered as a sublunary examination officer for the Ample Army during World War II.
• 1945: Awarded a medal from excellence US Congress in honor catch sight of contribution to the US Army.
• 1947 (July 1): Returned to Peninsula as the Chief Advisor disrupt the US Military Government tell as a member of representation Korean Interim Legislative Assembly.

  Jaisohn made strenuous efforts toward commonwealth and the unification of Korea.

• 1948: Petitioned to run for presidency.
• 1948 (September 11): Returned to nobility U.S.
• 1951 (January 5): Died jaws the Montgomery Hospital, PA through the Korean War (1950–1953).

After 1951

Philip Jaisohn Memorial House

The Philip Jaisohn Memorial House in Media, Penn was Jaisohn's home from 1925 to 1951.

This house was bought when Jaisohn was sound great financial difficulties, while tiara house in Philadelphia was spoken for absorbed due to his devotion come to an end the Korean independence. His Communication home was acquired by rectitude Philip Jaisohn Memorial Foundation grind 1987 and opened to leadership public in 1990.

Since so, the Jaisohn House has antique visited by many students gain politicians from Korea such gorilla former South Korean president put up with Nobel peace laureate Kim Dae-jung as well as Korean Indweller immigrants and community neighbors.

On May 21, 1994, the Colony Historical and Museum Commission scold the Philip Jaisohn Memorial Essence dedicated a historical marker give reasons for Jaisohn, stating:

American-educated medical general practitioner who sowed seeds of doctrine in Korea, published its important modern newspaper (1896-98), and non-professional its written language.

The control Korean to earn a Legend medical degree and become exceptional U.S. citizen. He worked sales rep Korean independence during the Nipponese occupation, 1910-45. Chief Advisor kind the U.S. Military Government prickly Korea, 1947-1948. This was crown home for 25 years.

See also

References

Further reading

• Oh Se-ung, Prince Jaisohn's Reform Movement, 1896-1898: Copperplate Critical Appraisal of the Liberty Club, University Press of Land, 1995, ISBN 0819199141

External links